论文标题
重力系统中重力波耗散的上限
Upper Limit on the Dissipation of Gravitational Waves in Gravitationally Bound Systems
论文作者
论文摘要
结果表明，具有一维速度散布的重力结合系统，Sigma最多可以消散〜36（Sigma/c）^3的分数，即使它们的动力学时间比波周期短，也可以通过它传播的引力波能传播。对于等于系统尺寸的颗粒，极限饱和，例如星系簇中的热质子，光晕中的暗物质颗粒强烈相互交互，或簇中的黑色孔。对于随机运动且无共振的系统，消散的部分（<10^{-6}）不会降低将重力波用作宇宙学探针的使用。在高波频率下，消散的部分还被碰撞频率和波频率之间的比率平方抑制。耗散导致的电磁对应物太微弱，无法在宇宙学距离处检测到。
It is shown that a gravitationally bound system with a one-dimensional velocity dispersion sigma can at most dissipate a fraction ~36(sigma/c)^3 of the gravitational wave energy propagating through it, even if their dynamical time is shorter than the wave period. The limit is saturated for particles with a mean-free-path equal to the size of the system, such as hot protons in galaxy clusters, strongly-interacting dark matter particles in halos, or massive black holes in clusters. For such systems with random motions and no resonances, the dissipated fraction, <10^{-6}, does not degrade the use of gravitational waves as cosmological probes. At high wave frequencies, the dissipated fraction is additionally suppressed by the square of the ratio between the collision frequency and the wave frequency. The electromagnetic counterparts that result from the dissipation are too faint to be detectable at cosmological distances.
