论文标题
摩擦无定形固体中小扰动的巨大放大
Giant Amplification of Small Perturbations in Frictional Amorphous Solid
论文作者
论文摘要
自然界中的灾难性事件通常可以由小型扰动触发，而地震的“远程触发”是一个重要的例子。在这里，我们提出了一种巨大放大小扰动的机制，该机制预计在无法从哈密顿量中衍生的动力学的系统中是通用的。我们对所涉及的典型不稳定性（具有指数增加噪声的振荡性）进行了一般讨论，并详细检查了确定相关动力学的正常形式。对于有或没有耗散的系统，解释了对外部扰动的高敏感性。使用摩擦颗粒物的动力学提供了数值示例。最终，我们指出了目前讨论的现象与与非热汉密尔顿人的量子模型中高度主题的问题的关系。
Catastrophic events in Nature can be often triggered by small perturbations, with "remote triggering" of earthquakes being an important example. Here we present a mechanism for the giant amplification of small perturbations that is expected to be generic in systems whose dynamics is not derivable from a Hamiltonian. We offer a general discussion of the typical instabilities involved (being oscillatory with an exponential increase of noise) and examine in detail the normal forms that determine the relevant dynamics. The high sensitivity to external perturbations is explained for systems with and without dissipation. Numerical examples are provided using the dynamics of frictional granular matter. Finally we point out the relationship of the presently discussed phenomenon to the highly topical issue of "exceptional points" in quantum models with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians.
