论文标题

非线性区块链可伸缩性:游戏理论观点

Nonlinear Blockchain Scalability: a Game-Theoretic Perspective

论文作者

Chen, Lin, Xu, Lei, Gao, Zhimin, Sunny, Ahmed, Kasichainula, Keshav, Shi, Weidong

论文摘要

区块链研究的最新进展是在两个重要方向上做出的。一种是利用游戏理论来研究用户(矿工)自私行为的后果的精致弹性分析,另一个是从线性(链)结构到非线性(图形)结构的扩展,以改进性能,例如IOTA和Graphcoin。人们想到的第一个问题是区块链系统通过利用这些新进步而看到的改进。在本文中,我们考虑了区块链系统的三个主要指标:完整的验证,可伸缩性和终止性。我们{建立正式框架,并且证明没有区块链系统可以同时实现完整的验证,高可扩展性和低终端效果。我们观察到,像比特币这样的经典区块链系统可实现全面验证和低结局,Harmony和Ethereum 2.0实现低结局和高可扩展性。作为补充,我们设计了一个非线性区块链系统,可实现完整的验证和可扩展性。我们还首次建立了可伸缩性和最终效果之间的权衡。

Recent advances in the blockchain research have been made in two important directions. One is refined resilience analysis utilizing game theory to study the consequences of selfish behaviors of users (miners), and the other is the extension from a linear (chain) structure to a non-linear (graphical) structure for performance improvements, such as IOTA and Graphcoin. The first question that comes to people's minds is what improvements that a blockchain system would see by leveraging these new advances. In this paper, we consider three major metrics for a blockchain system: full verification, scalability, and finality-duration. We { establish a formal framework and} prove that no blockchain system can achieve full verification, high scalability, and low finality-duration simultaneously. We observe that classical blockchain systems like Bitcoin achieves full verification and low finality-duration, Harmony and Ethereum 2.0 achieve low finality-duration and high scalability. As a complementary, we design a non-linear blockchain system that achieves full verification and scalability. We also establish, for the first time, the trade-off between scalability and finality-duration.

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