论文标题
观察结果是什么告诉我们最高的降低超级质量黑洞？
What do observations tell us about the highest-redshift supermassive black holes?
论文作者
论文摘要
我回顾了最早生长的超级质量黑洞（SMBH）的当前对某些关键特性的理解，这是根据z> = 5类品牌的最新观察结果确定的。这包括他们的积聚率和增长历史，寄主星系以及大爆炸后不到十亿年的大规模环境。可用的多波长数据表明，这些SMBHS与Eddington限制的辐射有效积聚一致，这些积分自早期以来几乎必须连续进行。 ALMA对宿主ISM的观察结果揭示了富含气体，发达的星系，其SFR范围可能超过约1000 m_sol/yr。此外，阿尔玛（Alma）发现了很大一部分伴侣，相互作用的星系，被<100 kpc（预测）隔开。这支持了第一代高质量，发光SMBH在过度密集的环境中生长的观念，而主要合并可能是快速SMBH和宿主星系增长的重要驱动因素。当前的X射线调查无法访问这些稀有Z> 5个大型类星体的较低质量，这应该能够阐明BH地层和生长的最早阶段。这种低质量的核BHS将是计划下一代设施的最深入调查的主要目标，例如即将到来的雅典娜任务和未来的Lynx Mission Concept。
I review the current understanding of some key properties of the earliest growing supermassive black holes (SMBHs), as determined from the most up-to-date observations of z>=5 quasars. This includes their accretion rates and growth history, their host galaxies, and the large-scale environments that enabled their emergence less than a billion years after the Big Bang. The available multi-wavelength data show that these SMBHs are consistent with Eddington-limited, radiatively efficient accretion that had to proceed almost continuously since very early epochs. ALMA observations of the hosts' ISM reveal gas-rich, well developed galaxies, with a wide range of SFRs that may exceed ~1000 M_sol/yr. Moreover, ALMA uncovers a high fraction of companion, interacting galaxies, separated by <100 kpc (projected). This supports the idea that the first generation of high-mass, luminous SMBHs grew in over-dense environments, and that major mergers may be important drivers for rapid SMBH and host galaxy growth. Current X-ray surveys cannot access the lower-mass, supposedly more abundant counterparts of these rare z>5 massive quasars, which should be able to elucidate the earliest stages of BH formation and growth. Such lower-mass nuclear BHs will be the prime targets of the deepest surveys planned for the next generation of facilities, such as the upcoming Athena mission and the future Lynx mission concept.
