论文标题
妇女面临的不平等现象在法国的天文学中处于永久职位
Inequalities faced by women in access to permanent positions in astronomy in France
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究法国专业天文学中永久职位的不平等现象，重点是招聘阶段。我们使用代表法国天文学和天体物理学学会（SF2A）进行的全国调查的结果，该调查针对法国获得博士学位的年轻天文学家，并由300多名研究人员回答。我们发现，赋予永久职位的（$ p = 0.06 $）的（国家或地方）委员会选择的妇女的可能性几乎是男性的两倍。我们还发现，在一所精英学校（“ Grandeécole”）进行本科学习的申请人，那里的妇女在很大程度上代表人数不足，而不是在大学中成功获得职位的可能性近三倍（$ p = 0.0026美元）。我们的分析表明，在法国天文学中永久立场的委员会存在两个偏见：一种性别偏见和一种精英主义。这些对妇女在职业生涯中的偏见会影响她们的个人生活，因为我们的调查表明，其中很大一部分宣称生孩子会对自己的职业产生负面影响。他们的一半是样本中有孩子的男人的一半。几年来，国家委员会（例如CNRS）已经承认这个问题，因此可以希望在未来十年内看到变化。
We investigate inequalities in access to permanent positions in professional astronomy in France, focusing on the hiring stage. We use results from a national survey conducted on behalf of the French society of astronomy and astrophysics (SF2A) aimed at young astronomers holding a PhD obtained in France, and answered by over 300 researchers. We find that women are nearly two times less likely than men to be selected by the (national or local) committees attributing permanent positions ($p=0.06$). We also find that applicants who did their undergraduate studies in an elite school ("Grande École"), where women are largely under-represented, rather than in a university, are nearly three times more likely to succeed in obtaining a position ($p=0.0026$). Our analysis suggests the existence of two biases in committees attributing permanent positions in astronomy in France: a gender bias, and a form of elitism. These biases against women in their professional life impacts their personal life as our survey shows that a larger fraction of them declare that having children can have a negative effect on their careers. They are half as many as men having children in the sample. National committees (such as the CNRS) have acknowledged this issue for several years now, hence one can hope that changes will be seen in the next decade.
