论文标题
高能量钻石检测器方案在具有高能量和强度激光器的实验中，高能离子的精确光谱
Accurate spectra for high energy ions by advanced time-of-flight diamond-detector schemes in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers
论文作者
论文摘要
飞行时间（TOF）方法非常有效地检测在激光 - 血浆相互作用中加速的颗粒，但是当在具有高能量和强度激光器的实验中使用时，它们显示出显着的局限性，在远射范围内，高能量离子和显着的电磁脉冲（EMP）都产生了良好的局限性。在这里，我们描述了一种新型的先进诊断方法，用于通过与高能和高度强度的超短效率激光脉冲的强度相互作用来表征质子，直至femtsecond，甚至将来的attosecond范围。该方法采用堆叠的钻石探测器结构和TOF技术，具有高灵敏度，高分辨率，高辐射硬度和高信噪比，在受到显着EMP领域影响的环境中。此处还描述了一项关于使用，堆栈单个模块的优化和性能的详细研究，用于在高度EMP污染的环境中使用快速钻石检测器的实验。通过与飞秒火焰激光器（超过100 TW功率和〜$ 10^{19} $ w/cm $^2 $强度）进行的实验提出了准确的加速质子校准光谱。可以很容易地应用于复杂堆栈配置和更一般的实验条件的结果。
Time-Of-Flight (TOF) methods are very effective to detect particles accelerated in laser-plasma interactions, but they shows significant limitations when used in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers, where both high-energy ions and remarkable levels of ElectroMagnetic Pulses (EMPs) in the radiofrequency-microwave range are generated. Here we describe a novel advanced diagnostic method for the characterization of protons accelerated by intense matter interactions with high-energy and high-intensity ultra-short laser pulses up to the femtosecond and even future attosecond range. The method employs a stacked diamond detector structure and the TOF technique, featuring high sensitivity, high resolution, high radiation hardness and high signal-to-noise ratio in environments heavily affected by remarkable EMP fields. A detailed study on the use, the optimization and the properties of a single module of the stack is here also described for an experiment where a fast diamond detector is employed in an highly EMP-polluted environment. Accurate calibrated spectra of accelerated protons are presented from an experiment with the femtosecond Flame laser (beyond 100 TW power and ~$10^{19}$ W/cm$^2$ intensity) interacting with thin foil targets. The results that can be readily applied to the case of complex stack configurations and to more general experimental conditions.
