论文标题
了解深度神经网络分类器进行乳腺癌筛查的鲁棒性
Understanding the robustness of deep neural network classifiers for breast cancer screening
论文作者
论文摘要
深度神经网络(DNN)在乳腺癌筛查中表现出希望,但是在临床实施之前,必须更好地了解它们对输入扰动的稳健性。在有可能建立的自然图像的背景下,存在有关该主题的广泛文献。但是,由于两种图像方式之间的显着差异,因此不能假设关于鲁棒性的结论将从自然图像转移到乳房X线图图像。为了确定结论是否会转移,我们测量了放射科医师级筛选乳房X线图分类器对自然图像分类器对四个常见的输入扰动的敏感性。我们发现乳房X线图图像分类器也对这些扰动敏感,这表明我们可以基于现有文献。我们还对低通滤波的影响进行了详细的分析,并发现它降低了称为微钙化的临床意义特征的可见性。由于低通滤波可以消除可预测乳腺癌的语义上有意义的信息,因此我们认为,乳房X光图像分类器不变是不变的。这与自然图像相反,在自然图像中,我们不希望DNN对低通滤波敏感,因为它倾向于消除可见的信息。
Deep neural networks (DNNs) show promise in breast cancer screening, but their robustness to input perturbations must be better understood before they can be clinically implemented. There exists extensive literature on this subject in the context of natural images that can potentially be built upon. However, it cannot be assumed that conclusions about robustness will transfer from natural images to mammogram images, due to significant differences between the two image modalities. In order to determine whether conclusions will transfer, we measure the sensitivity of a radiologist-level screening mammogram image classifier to four commonly studied input perturbations that natural image classifiers are sensitive to. We find that mammogram image classifiers are also sensitive to these perturbations, which suggests that we can build on the existing literature. We also perform a detailed analysis on the effects of low-pass filtering, and find that it degrades the visibility of clinically meaningful features called microcalcifications. Since low-pass filtering removes semantically meaningful information that is predictive of breast cancer, we argue that it is undesirable for mammogram image classifiers to be invariant to it. This is in contrast to natural images, where we do not want DNNs to be sensitive to low-pass filtering due to its tendency to remove information that is human-incomprehensible.