论文标题

网络原理的深层生成模型,用于设计药物组合作为图表

Network-principled deep generative models for designing drug combinations as graph sets

论文作者

Karimi, Mostafa, Hasanzadeh, Arman, shen, Yang

论文摘要

联合疗法已显示可提高治疗功效,同时降低副作用。重要的是,它已成为克服抗生素,抗菌和抗癌药物的耐药性的必不可少策略。面对巨大的化学空间和针对小分子组合的不清楚的设计原理,计算药物组合设计尚未看到生成模型,无法满足其加速过多的抗性药物组合发现的潜力。我们通过共同嵌入图形结构域知识和迭代训练基于增强学习的化学图形设计器,开发了第一个用于药物组合设计的深层生成模型。首先,我们开发了端到端训练的分层变分图自动编码器(HVGGAE),以共同嵌入基因 - 基因,基因 - 疾病和疾病 - 疾病 - 疾病疾病网络。这里引入了新的注意集合,以从相关基因的表示中学习疾病表现。其次,在学习表征中靶向疾病,我们将药物组合设计问题重新铸造为图表生成,并开发了一种基于新颖的奖励的深度学习模型。具体而言,除了化学有效性奖励外,我们还引入了一种新型的生成对抗奖,是概括性切片的瓦斯坦,用于化学多样的分子,其分布类似于已知药物。我们还为药物组合设计了基于网络原则的奖励。数值结果表明,与图形嵌入方法相比,HVGAE学到了更有信息和可推广的疾病表示。关于四种疾病的案例研究表明,网络原告的药物组合倾向于低毒性。产生的药物组合统称类似于FDA批准的药物组合类似的疾病模块,并有可能提出新型的系统 - 药理学策略。

Combination therapy has shown to improve therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects. Importantly, it has become an indispensable strategy to overcome resistance in antibiotics, anti-microbials, and anti-cancer drugs. Facing enormous chemical space and unclear design principles for small-molecule combinations, the computational drug-combination design has not seen generative models to meet its potential to accelerate resistance-overcoming drug combination discovery. We have developed the first deep generative model for drug combination design, by jointly embedding graph-structured domain knowledge and iteratively training a reinforcement learning-based chemical graph-set designer. First, we have developed Hierarchical Variational Graph Auto-Encoders (HVGAE) trained end-to-end to jointly embed gene-gene, gene-disease, and disease-disease networks. Novel attentional pooling is introduced here for learning disease-representations from associated genes' representations. Second, targeting diseases in learned representations, we have recast the drug-combination design problem as graph-set generation and developed a deep learning-based model with novel rewards. Specifically, besides chemical validity rewards, we have introduced a novel generative adversarial award, being generalized sliced Wasserstein, for chemically diverse molecules with distributions similar to known drugs. We have also designed a network principle-based reward for drug combinations. Numerical results indicate that, compared to graph embedding methods, HVGAE learns more informative and generalizable disease representations. Case studies on four diseases show that network-principled drug combinations tend to have low toxicity. The generated drug combinations collectively cover the disease module similar to FDA-approved drug combinations and could potentially suggest novel systems-pharmacology strategies.

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