论文标题
厚，水合有机材料的X射线和电子显微镜的相对优点和限制因素（修订）
Relative merits and limiting factors for x-ray and electron microscopy of thick, hydrated organic materials (revised)
论文作者
论文摘要
电子和X射线显微镜使一个可以在远远超出可见光显微镜所能达到的分辨率的分辨率上对整个未标记的水合材料的结构进行成像。但是，两种方法都涉及电离辐射，因此必须将辐射损伤视为成像的限制之一。利用较早的工作，我们在这里描述了一种统一的方法，用于估计X射线和电子显微镜中的图像对比度（以及所需的暴露和相应的辐射剂量）。这种方法说明了诸如复数和非弹性散射之类的因素，以及（在电子显微镜中）使用能量过滤器来获得所谓的“零损耗”图像。 As expected, it shows that electron microscopy offers lower dose for specimens thinner than about 1 micron (such as for studies of macromolecules, viruses, bacteria and archaebacteria, and thin sectioned material), while x-ray microscopy offers superior characteristics for imaging thicker specimen such as whole eukaryotic cells, thick-sectioned tissues, and organs.所需的辐射剂量与所需空间分辨率的函数强烈缩放，从而使人们了解活和冷冻水合样品成像的极限。最后，我们考虑了限制较厚材料的X射线显微镜的因素，这表明可以用X射线显微镜成像整个小鼠大脑厚的样本，而没有明显的图像降解，应确定适当的图像重建方法。发表的文章[Ultramicroscopy 184，293--309（2018）; doi：10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.10.003]有一些小错误，我们在这里纠正了一些小错误，并从蓝色中显示的出版文章中进行了所有更改。
Electron and x-ray microscopes allow one to image the entire, unlabeled structure of hydrated materials at a resolution well beyond what visible light microscopes can achieve. However, both approaches involve ionizing radiation, so that radiation damage must be considered as one of the limits to imaging. Drawing upon earlier work, we describe here a unified approach to estimating the image contrast (and thus the required exposure and corresponding radiation dose) in both x-ray and electron microscopy. This approach accounts for factors such as plural and inelastic scattering, and (in electron microscopy) the use of energy filters to obtain so-called "zero loss" images. As expected, it shows that electron microscopy offers lower dose for specimens thinner than about 1 micron (such as for studies of macromolecules, viruses, bacteria and archaebacteria, and thin sectioned material), while x-ray microscopy offers superior characteristics for imaging thicker specimen such as whole eukaryotic cells, thick-sectioned tissues, and organs. The required radiation dose scales strongly as a function of the desired spatial resolution, allowing one to understand the limits of live and frozen hydrated specimen imaging. Finally, we consider the factors limiting x-ray microscopy of thicker materials, suggesting that specimens as thick as a whole mouse brain can be imaged with x-ray microscopes without significant image degradation should appropriate image reconstruction methods be identified. The as-published article [Ultramicroscopy 184, 293--309 (2018); doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.10.003] had some minor mistakes that we correct here, with all changes from the as-published article shown in blue.
