论文标题
超导般的热电流：有效取消电流散落，通过量子相干进行权衡
Superconducting-like heat current: Effective cancellation of current-dissipation trade off by quantum coherence
论文作者
论文摘要
产生大电流通常需要大量耗散，就像电导传导中一样，在电导传导中，焦耳加热与电流的平方成正比。随机热力学提供了一个框架来研究小型波动系统的非平衡热力学，并且最近提出了微观衍生物以及对当前与耗散之间权衡关系的普遍理解。在这里，我们建立了一个通用框架，阐明量子相干性如何影响电流和耗散之间的权衡：正确使用相干性会增强热电流而不增加耗散，即连贯性可以减少摩擦。如果连贯性足够大，则这种摩擦几乎变为零，可以意识到像``无耗散''热电流一样。由于我们的框架阐明了连贯性，能量流和耗散之间的一般关系，因此可以应用于许多科学分支。作为对能源科学的应用，我们构建了一个量子热发动机周期，该量子循环超过了在经典发动机上绑定的功率效率，并有效地达到了快速周期中有限功率的Carnot效率。我们讨论了关于量子信息理论，凝结物理学和生物学领域的发现的重要含义。
Producing a large current typically requires large dissipation, as is the case in electric conduction, where Joule heating is proportional to the square of the current. Stochastic thermodynamics offers a framework to study nonequilibrium thermodynamics of small fluctuating systems, and quite recently, microscopic derivations and universal understanding of the trade-off relation between the current and dissipation have been put forward. Here we establish a universal framework clarifying how quantum coherence affects the trade-off between the current and dissipation: a proper use of coherence enhances the heat current without increasing dissipation, i.e. coherence can reduce friction. If the amount of coherence is large enough, this friction becomes virtually zero, realizing a superconducting-like ``dissipation-less'' heat current. Since our framework clarifies a general relation among coherence, energy flow, and dissipation, it can be applied to many branches of science. As an application to energy science, we construct a quantum heat engine cycle that exceeds the power-efficiency bound on classical engines, and effectively attains the Carnot efficiency with finite power in fast cycles. We discuss important implications of our findings with regard to the field of quantum information theory, condensed matter physics and biology.
