论文标题
热木星JWST目标WASP-43B的矿物云和烃雾颗粒
Mineral cloud and hydrocarbon haze particles in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter JWST target WASP-43b
论文作者
论文摘要
轨道时期短并且被潮汐锁定,WASP-43B是JWST观测值的理想候选者。整个轨道的相位曲线观测将使大气结构在整个地球上进行映射,并具有不同的观测波长,从而可以看到不同的大气深度。我们提供有关WASP-43B上可能形成的云的细节,以准备即将到来的JWST和后续数据的解释。我们利用3D GCM结果作为矿物云颗粒动力学的非平衡模型的输入,以及动力学模型来研究光化学驱动的烃含碳均匀含氧组件。在WASP-43B的整个大气中形成矿物冷凝种子。这与超热的木星形成鲜明对比,例如WASP-18B和HAT-P-7B。除了具有可比丰度的碳氢化合物含糖颗粒之外,Dayside还充满了很少但大的矿物云颗粒。光化学驱动的碳氢化合物雾在时代出现,但没有促成夜间云形成。由于热力学条件的变化,几何云延伸在全球范围内有所不同。白天和黑夜的压力尺度高度不同于6000公里。如其他行星所报道的那样,C/O在整个大气中都不是恒定的。在以H2为主的WASP-43B中,平均分子量大约是恒定的。 WASP-43B有望完全覆盖在整个大气中并非均匀分布的云层。日子和终结云将是局部大小和组成以及烃haze的矿物颗粒的组合。碳氢化合物危险的光学深度大大低于矿物云颗粒的光学深度,因此Wavelength依赖性的半径测量WASP-43B将由矿物云颗粒确定,而不是由Hazes确定。
Having a short orbital period and being tidally locked makes WASP-43b an ideal candidate for JWST observations. Phase curve observations of an entire orbit will enable the mapping of the atmospheric structure across the planet, with different wavelengths of observation allowing different atmospheric depths to be seen. We provide insight into the details of the clouds that may form on WASP-43b in order to prepare the forthcoming interpretation of the JWST and follow-up data. We utilize 3D GCM results as input for a kinetic, non-equilibrium model for mineral cloud particles, and for a kinetic model to study a photochemicaly-driven hydrocarbon haze component. Mineral condensation seeds form throughout the atmosphere of WASP-43b. This is in stark contrast to the ultra-hot Jupiters, like WASP-18b and HAT-P-7b. The dayside is loaded with few but large mineral cloud particles in addition to hydrocarbon haze particles of comparable abundance. Photochemically driven hydrocarbon haze appears on the dayside, but does not contribute to the cloud formation on the nightside. The geometrical cloud extension differs across the globe due to the changing thermodynamic conditions. Day and night differ by 6000km in pressure scale height. As reported for other planets, the C/O is not constant throughout the atmosphere. The mean molecular weight is approximately constant in a H2-dominated WASP-43b. WASP-43b is expected to be fully covered in clouds which are not homogeneously distributed throughout the atmosphere. The dayside and the terminator clouds will be a combination of mineral particles of locally varying size and composition, and of hydrocarbon hazes. The optical depth of hydrocarbon hazes is considerably lower than that of mineral cloud particles such that a wavelength-dependent radius measurement of WASP-43b would be determined by the mineral cloud particles but not by hazes.