论文标题
与5G暴露相关的健康风险：从通信工程角度来看
Health Risks Associated with 5G Exposure: A View from the Communications Engineering Perspective
论文作者
论文摘要
5G无线通信服务的部署要求在该地区安装5G下一代节点-B基站（GNB），并广泛采用5G用户设备（UE）。在这种情况下，人口关注与5G设备的射频（RF）排放相关的潜在健康风险，其中一些社区积极努力阻止5G部署。为了面对这些问题，在这项工作中，我们根据通信工程的观点采用新的全面观点来分析与5G暴露相关的健康风险。通过利用我们的背景，我们分析了5G暴露的涉嫌健康影响，并严格审查了通常引用的最新作品，这些作品通常会支持5G的健康问题。然后，我们通过评估来自IEEE，ICNIRP，ITU，IEC和FCC的最新准则，以及220多个国家 /地区的国家法规，精确地检查5G暴露的合规程序的最新指标，法规和评估。我们还彻底分析了经常与特定5G特征相关的主要健康风险（例如，MIMO，波束形成，细胞致密，采用毫米波和数百万个设备的连接）。最后，我们研究了基于通信工程的风险缓解技术，这些技术可以实施，以减少5G GNB和UE的接触。总体而言，我们认为，归因于5G的广泛认为的健康风险不受通信工程的科学证据的支持。此外，我们解释了如何最大程度地降低5G健康风险的解决方案已经成熟并准备实施。最后，建议未来的工作，例如，旨在评估5G暴露的长期影响，以及创新的解决方案，以进一步减少RF排放。
The deployment of 5G wireless communication services requires the installation of 5G next-generation Node-B Base Stations (gNBs) over the territory and the wide adoption of 5G User Equipment (UE). In this context, the population is concerned about the potential health risks associated with the Radio Frequency (RF) emissions from 5G equipment, with several communities actively working toward stopping the 5G deployment. To face these concerns, in this work, we analyze the health risks associated with 5G exposure by adopting a new and comprehensive viewpoint, based on the communications engineering perspective. By exploiting our background, we analyze the alleged health effects of 5G exposure and critically review the latest works that are often referenced to support the health concerns from 5G. We then precisely examine the up-to-date metrics, regulations, and assessment of compliance procedures for 5G exposure, by evaluating the latest guidelines from IEEE, ICNIRP, ITU, IEC, and FCC, as well as the national regulations in more than 220 countries. We also thoroughly analyze the main health risks that are frequently associated with specific 5G features (e.g., MIMO, beamforming, cell densification, adoption of millimeter waves, and connection of millions of devices). Finally, we examine the risk mitigation techniques based on communications engineering that can be implemented to reduce the exposure from 5G gNB and UE. Overall, we argue that the widely perceived health risks that are attributed to 5G are not supported by scientific evidence from communications engineering. In addition, we explain how the solutions to minimize the health risks from 5G are already mature and ready to be implemented. Finally, future works, e.g., aimed at evaluating long-term impacts of 5G exposure, as well as innovative solutions to further reduce the RF emissions, are suggested.
