论文标题
与量子实验室观察假真空的命运
Observing the fate of the false vacuum with a quantum laboratory
论文作者
论文摘要
我们设计并实施了一个量子实验室，以实验观察和研究量子场理论的动态过程。我们的方法将场理论编码为ISING模型，然后由量子退火器解决。作为概念验证，我们编码了标量场理论，并测量了其从假隧道到真空的隧道，对于各种隧道时间，真空位移和潜在概况的概率。结果与理论上预测的结果一致，表明量子退火器是一种真正的量子系统，可以用作量子实验室。这是第一次可以在自由选择的量子场理论中实验测量激体过程。研究量子系统动力学的新颖而灵活的方法可以应用于任何感兴趣的领域理论。实地理论动力学行为的实验测量与理论计算无关，可用于推断其性质而不会受到适当的扰动或非扰动计算方法的限制。因此，在不久的将来，这种量子实验室中的测量值可用于从概念上改善理论和计算方法，并可以对先前未观察到的量子现象进行测量和详细研究。
We design and implement a quantum laboratory to experimentally observe and study dynamical processes of quantum field theories. Our approach encodes the field theory as an Ising model, which is then solved by a quantum annealer. As a proof-of-concept, we encode a scalar field theory and measure the probability for it to tunnel from the false to the true vacuum for various tunnelling times, vacuum displacements and potential profiles. The results are in accord with those predicted theoretically, showing that a quantum annealer is a genuine quantum system that can be used as a quantum laboratory. This is the first time it has been possible to experimentally measure instanton processes in a freely chosen quantum field theory. This novel and flexible method to study the dynamics of quantum systems can be applied to any field theory of interest. Experimental measurements of the dynamical behaviour of field theories are independent of theoretical calculations and can be used to infer their properties without being limited by the availability of suitable perturbative or nonperturbative computational methods. In the near future, measurements in such a quantum laboratory could therefore be used to improve theoretical and computational methods conceptually and may enable the measurement and detailed study of previously unobserved quantum phenomena.
