论文标题
带有N体数值模拟的暗物质
Dark Matter with N-Body Numerical Simulations
论文作者
论文摘要
数值N体模拟的发展已允许研究不同尺度的星系的形成过程和星系的演变。本文介绍了用于$λ$ -Cold暗物质（$λ$ CDM）模型的宇宙学演化的N体系统的基本概念。为了在宇宙中执行结构形成，我们提供了基本方程式的介绍及其在Gadget-2软件上的实现。我们还提供了一个简单的指南来修改此代码。首先，我们简要描述了宇宙中的暗物质以及$λ$ CDM模型的理论和实验基础。然后，我们专注于仿真代码，并提供控制大多数N体模拟以建模暗物质的方程式。我们描述了用于在这些模拟中模拟气体，恒星动力学和结构形成的平滑粒子流体动力学方法。然后，谨慎地指导读者在基于Linux的计算机上安装Gadget-2，并执行几个示例以操作代码。最后，通过使用计算群集，我们显示了大型结构模拟的几个结果，分析输出以显示物质功率谱，并将结果与理论预测进行比较。
The development of numerical N -body simulations have allowed to study formation process and evolution of galaxies at different scales. This paper presents the fundamental concepts of N-body systems applied to the cosmological evolution of the $Λ$-Cold Dark Matter ($Λ$CDM) model. In order to perform structure formation in the Universe, we provide an introduction to the basic equations and their implementation on the GADGET-2 software. We also present a simple guide to modify this code. First, we briefly describe the dark matter in the Universe as well as the theoretical and experimental basis of the $Λ$CDM model. Then, we focus on the simulation codes and provide the equations that govern most of the N-body simulations to model the dark matter. We describe the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method used for simulating the gas, star dynamics and structure formation in these simulations. Then, cautiously, we guide the reader to the installation of GADGET-2 on a Linux-based computer, as well as to carry out a couple of examples to operate the code. Finally, by using a computational cluster, we show several results of a large structure simulation, analyse the outputs to display the matter power spectrum, and compare the outcome with theoretical predictions.
