论文标题
在非平衡稳态下开放量子系统的波动散落关系
Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation for Open Quantum Systems in Nonequilibrium Steady State
论文作者
论文摘要
继续我们在线性和非线性开放量子系统中的性质和存在关系的性质和存在方面的工作[1-3]，当线性系统处于非平衡稳态（NESS）时，我们将考虑这种关系。 With the model of two-oscillators (considered as a short harmonic chain with the two ends) each connected to a thermal bath of different temperatures we find that when the chain is fully relaxed due to interaction with the baths, the relation that connects the noise kernel and the imaginary part of the dissipation kernel of the chain in one bath does not assume the conventional form for the FDR in equilibrium cases.还有一个额外的术语，我们称之为“偏置电流”，该术语取决于浴室的初始温度和振荡器偶联强度的差异。我们进一步表明，该术语与系统中的两个浴室之间的稳定热流有关。了解实时开发（浴室和最终振荡器之间的实时开发）和加热内传输（在链中）及其对系统中参数的依赖的能力，为可定量控制和设计量子热引擎或热设备的设计提供了可能性。
Continuing our work on the nature and existence of fluctuation-dissipation relations (FDR) in linear and nonlinear open quantum systems [1-3], here we consider such relations when a linear system is in a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS). With the model of two-oscillators (considered as a short harmonic chain with the two ends) each connected to a thermal bath of different temperatures we find that when the chain is fully relaxed due to interaction with the baths, the relation that connects the noise kernel and the imaginary part of the dissipation kernel of the chain in one bath does not assume the conventional form for the FDR in equilibrium cases. There exists an additional term we call the `bias current' that depends on the difference of the bath's initial temperatures and the inter-oscillator coupling strength. We further show that this term is related to the steady heat flow between the two baths when the system is in NESS. The ability to know the real-time development of the inter-heat exchange (between the baths and the end-oscillators) and the intra-heat transfer (within the chain) and their dependence on the parameters in the system offers possibilities for quantifiable control and in the design of quantum heat engines or thermal devices.
