论文标题

潮汐破坏与行星的碰撞作为可能的起源,用于分散的尘埃云

Tidal disruption versus planetesimal collisions as possible origins for the dispersing dust cloud around Fomalhaut

论文作者

Janson, Markus, Wu, Yanqin, Cataldi, Gianni, Brandeker, Alexis

论文摘要

最近的分析表明,从2004 - 2014年的Fomalhaut(Fomalhaut b)周围观察到的微弱的光点源正在逐渐褪色和扩展,这支持了可能是由于行星突然破坏而导致的尘埃云。这些类型的破坏可能是由于行星的灾难性碰撞而引起的,这些碰撞是由附近的巨型行星与Fomalhaut尘埃环中的原始轨道扰动的。但是,当行星在行星的潮汐破坏场中传递时,也可能会发生破坏,而行星的潮汐破坏场首先使它们扰动,类似于太阳系中观察到的鞋匠levy事件。鉴于重力聚焦的巨型行星的相互作用横截面要比行星较大得多,因此在参数空间的现实区域,潮汐破坏事件可以匹配或超过行星碰撞事件。有趣的是,Fomalhaut尘埃云提供了一个直接区分这些情况的机会。潮汐破坏方案导致了造成事件的星球的临时层的非常具体的预测。最可能的质量为66 Mearth,一个半高轴为117 au,并且系统年龄为400-500 MYR,该星球将很容易被James Webb Space望远镜检测到。因此,该行星在特定的预测位置的存在或不存在是一个独特的指标,表明分散云是源于两个行星的碰撞,还是在巨型行星潮汐场中行星的破坏。

Recent analysis suggests that the faint optical point source observed around Fomalhaut from 2004-2014 (Fomalhaut b) is gradually fading and expanding, supporting the case that it may be a dispersing dust cloud resulting from the sudden disruption of a planetesimal. These types of disruptions may arise from catastrophic collisions of planetesimals, which are perturbed from their original orbits in the Fomalhaut dust ring by nearby giant planets. However, disruptions can also occur when the planetesimals pass within the tidal disruption field of the planet(s) that perturbed them in the first place, similar to the Shoemaker-Levy event observed in the Solar System. Given that a gravitationally focusing giant planet has a much larger interaction cross-section than a planetesimal, tidal disruption events can match or outnumber planetesimal collision events in realistic regions of parameter space. Intriguingly, the Fomalhaut dust cloud offers an opportunity to directly distinguish between these scenarios. A tidal disruption scenario leads to a very specific prediction of ephemerides for the planet causing the event. At a most probable mass of 66 Mearth, a semi-major axis of 117 AU, and a system age of 400-500 Myr, this planet would be readily detectable with the James Webb Space Telescope. The presence or absence of this planet at the specific, predicted position is therefore a distinctive indicator of whether the dispersing cloud originated from a collision of two planetesimals or from the disruption of a planetesimal in the tidal field of a giant planet.

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