论文标题
Basic Blocker:ISA重新设计以更快地使Spectre-immune CPU
BasicBlocker: ISA Redesign to Make Spectre-Immune CPUs Faster
论文作者
论文摘要
最近的研究揭示了一类不断增长的微体系攻击,这些攻击利用了投机性执行,这是现代处理器的标准功能。建议和部署的对策涉及各种编译器更新,固件更新和硬件更新。部署的对策都没有令人信服的安全论点,其中许多已经被打破了。 简化投机执行攻击分析的明显方法是消除投机执行。通常认为这是不可接受的昂贵,但是基本的成本分析仅考虑为当前的指令架构编写的软件,因此它们不排除新的指令集架构的可能性,可以在没有推测执行的情况下提供可接受的性能。新的ISA需要编译器和硬件更新,但是无论如何都会发生这些更新。 本文介绍了Basic Blocker,这是一种适用于所有常见ISA的通用ISA修改,允许非表明CPU获得投机执行所提供的大部分性能益处。为了证明Basic Blocker的可行性,本文定义了RISC-V ISA的变体,称为BBRISC-V,并使用相关的编译器和各种基准测试程序对5阶段的5阶段式软核和超级级别处理器进行了彻底的评估。
Recent research has revealed an ever-growing class of microarchitectural attacks that exploit speculative execution, a standard feature in modern processors. Proposed and deployed countermeasures involve a variety of compiler updates, firmware updates, and hardware updates. None of the deployed countermeasures have convincing security arguments, and many of them have already been broken. The obvious way to simplify the analysis of speculative-execution attacks is to eliminate speculative execution. This is normally dismissed as being unacceptably expensive, but the underlying cost analyses consider only software written for current instruction-set architectures, so they do not rule out the possibility of a new instruction-set architecture providing acceptable performance without speculative execution. A new ISA requires compiler and hardware updates, but these are happening in any case. This paper introduces BasicBlocker, a generic ISA modification that works for all common ISAs and that allows non-speculative CPUs to obtain most of the performance benefit that would have been provided by speculative execution. To demonstrate the feasibility of BasicBlocker, this paper defines a variant of the RISC-V ISA called BBRISC-V and provides a thorough evaluation on both a 5-stage in-order soft core and a superscalar out-of-order processor using an associated compiler and a variety of benchmark programs.