论文标题

fogelius和Siverus的黑子观察的重新分析:在最低限度的Maunder期间两个“长期”观察者

Reanalyses of the Sunspot Observations of Fogelius and Siverus: Two "Long-Term" Observers during the Maunder Minimum

论文作者

Hayakawa, Hisashi, Iju, Tomoya, Uneme, Shoma, Besser, Bruno P., Kosaka, Shunsuke, Imada, Shinsuke

论文摘要

在Maunder最小值(MM; 1645-1715)期间的太阳活动已被认为与现代观察结果所捕获的太阳活动有显着不同的差异,而在黑子组的数量和日光点位置方面,其实际幅度和分布仍在积极的讨论下。在其核心时期(1650/1660-1700)中,马丁·福格里乌斯(Martin Fogelius)和亨里希·西弗鲁斯(Henrich Siverus)在现有数据库中以大量一尘不染的日子形成了重要的长期序列,作为MM结束前的第13和第7位最活跃的观察者。在这项研究中,我们分析了他们的原始档案记录,修订了他们的数据,消除了现有数据库中明显“一尘不染的日子”的严重污染,并引起了对核心MM太阳能周期振幅的潜在低估的警告。尽管如此,他们仍然在整个观察期间报告了最佳的一个黑子组,并确认了MM期间的太阳循环的重大抑制,这也得到了当代对Hook和Willoughby的观察。基于修订后的数据,我们还衍生出了著名的黑子基团的位置,而Siverus在1671年记录了(〜n7.5°+/- 2.5°),与Cassini的图纸(〜n10°+/- 1°)相比。它们在校正日期中的位置和年代的巧合表明,这些黑子组可能是相同的复发区域(AR),即使在MM期间,它们的寿命也可能是相同的寿命(> 35天)。

The solar activity during the Maunder Minimum (MM; 1645 -- 1715) has been considered significantly different from the one captured in modern observations, in terms of sunspot group number and sunspot positions, whereas its actual amplitudes and distributions is still under active discussions. In its core period (1650/1660 -- 1700), Martin Fogelius and Henrich Siverus have formed significant long-term series in the existing databases with numerous spotless days, as the 13th and 7th most active observers before the end of the MM. In this study, we have analysed their original archival records, revised their data, have removed significant contaminations of the apparent "spotless days" in the existing databases, and cast caveats on the potential underestimation of the solar-cycle amplitude in the core MM. Still, they reported at best one sunspot group throughout their observational period and confirm the significant suppressed the solar cycles during the MM, which is also supported from the contemporary observations of Hook and Willoughby. Based on the revised data, we have also derived positions of notable sunspot groups, which Siverus recorded in 1671 (~ N7.5° +/- 2.5°), in comparison with those of Cassini's drawings (~ N10° +/- 1°). Their coincidence in position and chronology in corrected dates indicates these sunspot groups were probably the same recurrent active region (AR) and its significantly long lifespan (>~ 35 days) even during the MM.

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