论文标题
星体化学和行星系统的组成
Astrochemistry and compositions of planetary systems
论文作者
论文摘要
行星形成并在年轻恒星周围的气体和灰尘磁盘中获得成分。这些形成行星磁盘的化学成分调节行星组成的各个方面，从散装元素库存到获得水和反应性有机物，即行星对生命及其化学起源的热情好客。磁盘化学结构依次由{\ it原位化学过程的组合以及分子从恒星形成过程的进化阶段的遗传结合在一起。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了我们目前对活跃于磁盘初始条件和原始环境中的化学过程的理解，以及在行星形成的头百万年内发展化学条件的磁盘化学过程。我们回顾了最新的观察，实验室和理论发现，这些发现导致了行星形成的化学环境的当前观点及其对新生行星系统组成的影响。我们还讨论了剩下的许多未知数，并概述了解决这些问题的一些可能的途径。
Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary compositions from bulk elemental inventories to access to water and reactive organics, i.e. a planet's hospitality to life and its chemical origins. Disk chemical structures are in their turn governed by a combination of {\it in situ} chemical processes, and inheritance of molecules from the preceding evolutionary stages of the star formation process. In this review we present our current understanding of the chemical processes active in pre- and protostellar environments that set the initial conditions for disks, and the disk chemical processes that evolve the chemical conditions during the first million years of planet formation. We review recent observational, laboratory and theoretical discoveries that have led to the present view of the chemical environment within which planets form, and their effects on the compositions of nascent planetary systems. We also discuss the many unknowns that remain and outline some possible pathways to addressing them.
