论文标题

双向无统治的加密与脆弱的发件人

Two-way Unclonable Encryption with a vulnerable sender

论文作者

Leermakers, Daan, Skoric, Boris

论文摘要

Gottesman于2003年推出的无统治加密是一种量子协议,即使所有键在以后泄漏,也可以保证成功传输经典消息的保密。我们提出了一个不可统封的加密协议,即使在运行不成功的情况下,发件人的关键材料也可以泄漏。即使当事方之一无法保护其钥匙免受协议后盗窃的影响,这种额外功能也可以实现安全的量子加密。这种不对称发生,例如如果发生服务器 - 客户端方案,则客户设备受到资源约束和/或位于敌对环境中的情况。 我们的协议以类似于双向协议LM05的方式利用双向量子通道。鲍勃将随机量子状态发送到爱丽丝。爱丽丝以取决于消息和共享密钥的方式将州翻转,并将结果状态发送回鲍勃。鲍勃通过测量翻转来恢复爱丽丝的信息。我们证明我们的协议满足了无统治的加密的定义,并且即使协议后所有爱丽丝的钥匙泄漏,消息也仍然安全。此外,我们证明可以安全地使用一些关键材料。我们的安全性证明是根据钻石规范制定的,这使其可以组合,并允许嘈杂的量子通道。我们仅在长消息的限制下为渐近学详细介绍细节。 作为侧面结果,我们构建具有高键率的双向QKD方案。我们表明,其关键速率高于独立通道噪声的双向QKD方案LM05的速率。

Unclonable Encryption, introduced by Gottesman in 2003, is a quantum protocol that guarantees the secrecy of a successfully transferred classical message even when all keys leak at a later time. We propose an Unclonable Encryption protocol with the additional property that the sender's key material is allowed to leak even in the case of an unsuccessful run. This extra feature makes it possible to achieve secure quantum encryption even when one of the parties is unable to protect its keys against after-protocol theft. Such an asymmetry occurs e.g. in case of server-client scenarios, where the client device is resource-constrained and/or located in a hostile environment. Our protocol makes use of a bidirectional quantum channel in a manner similar to the two-way protocol LM05. Bob sends random qubit states to Alice. Alice flips the states in a way that depends on the message and a shared key, and sends the resulting states back to Bob. Bob recovers Alice's message by measuring the flips. We prove that our protocol satisfies the definition of unclonable encryption and additionally that the message remains secure even if all of Alice's keys leak after the protocol. Furthermore, we show that some of the key material can be safely re-used. Our security proof is formulated in terms of diamond norms, which makes it composable, and allows for noisy quantum channels. We work out the details only for the asymptotics in the limit of long messages. As a side result we construct a two-way QKD scheme with a high key rate. We show that its key rate is higher than the rate of the two-way QKD scheme LM05 proven for the case of independent channel noise.

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