论文标题
通过巨大的黑洞对紧凑物体的重力捕获
The gravitational capture of compact objects by massive black holes
论文作者
论文摘要
超级质量黑洞对恒星质量紧凑物体（CO）的重力捕获是在强场状态下的重力探针。由于质量比较高，我们称这些来源极高的比率灵感（EMRIS）。以类似的方式，可以通过球状簇或矮星系中的中间质量黑洞来捕获COS。在这种情况下，质量比较低，因此我们将系统称为中间质量比率Inspiral（IMRI）。此外，诸如棕色矮人之类的子赛物体比我们的太阳轻得多，可以在我们银河中心的Sgr a*等超级质量黑洞中灵感。在这种情况下，质量比极大，因此，我们称此系统AB极高的质量比灵感（XMRIS）。所有这些引力波的来源将为我们提供一系列时空的快照，周围是一个超级质量的黑洞，这将使我们能够在超级质量的黑洞周围直接绘制扭曲的时空，这是一个极端的重力制度中的重力实时制图。 E/I/XMRIS将由Lisa等未来太空式观测器检测到。没有其他任何构思，计划甚至想到的调查可以完成我们可以使用这些灵感的科学。我们将从相对论天体物理学的角度讨论它们。
The gravitational capture of a stellar-mass compact object (CO) by a supermassive black hole is a unique probe of gravity in the strong field regime. Because of the large mass ratio, we call these sources extreme-mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs). In a similar manner, COs can be captured by intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters or dwarf galaxies. The mass ratio in this case is lower, and hence we refer to the system as an intermediate-mass ratio inspiral (IMRI). Also, sub-stellar objects such as a brown dwarf, with masses much lighter than our Sun, can inspiral into supermassive black holes such as Sgr A* at our Galactic centre. In this case, the mass ratio is extremely large and, hence, we call this system ab extremely-large mass ratio inspirals (XMRIs). All of these sources of gravitational waves will provide us with a collection of snapshots of spacetime around a supermassive black hole that will allow us to do a direct mapping of warped spacetime around the supermassive black hole, a live cartography of gravity in this extreme gravity regime. E/I/XMRIs will be detected by the future space-borne observatories like LISA. There has not been any other probe conceived, planned or even thought of ever that can do the science that we can do with these inspirals. We will discuss them from a viewpoint of relativistic astrophysics.
