论文标题
国家没有被废除，它消失了：量子场理论如何成为散射理论
The state is not abolished, it withers away: how quantum field theory became a theory of scattering
论文作者
论文摘要
据描述了量子场理论如何从计算固定状态的特性（在量子力学的模具中）到我们今天所知道的散射为中心的理论的理论。这一发展位于1930年代和40年代，主要是在Werner Heisenberg和Richard Feynman的尝试中找到一种新的相对论量子力学理论，该理论完全摆脱了国家的概念。然后展示了这些尝试如何形成概念灵感，并提供了为1940年代后期的现代，基于散射的QFT制定的形式工具，尤其是弗里曼·戴森（Freeman Dyson）（在某种程度上，E.C.G. Stueckelberg）。量子场理论的这种转变被解释为弱意义上的范式转移，在该理论的基础上保持不变，而要计算的范式问题（在这种情况下，从能量水平到散射幅度）。
It is described how quantum field theory went from a theory for calculating the properties of stationary states, in the mold of quantum mechanics, to the scattering-focused theory we know today. This development is located as originating in the 1930s and 40s, primarily in the attempts by Werner Heisenberg and Richard Feynman to find a new theory of relativistic quantum mechanics that gets rid of the notion of state entirely. It is then shown how these attempts formed the conceptual inspiration and the provided the formal tools for the formulation of modern, scattering-based QFT in the late 1940s, in particular by Freeman Dyson (and, to some extent, by E.C.G. Stueckelberg). This transformation of quantum field theory is interpreted as a paradigm shift in a weak sense, where the foundations of the theory remain the same, while the paradigmatic problem to be calculated changes (in this case from energy levels to scattering amplitudes).
