论文标题
NGC 4151的尘土飞扬的心脏由$λ\ sim \ sim $ 1-40 $ $ m $ m $ m $ m $ m $ m $ m $ m回响和可变性：对当前块状圆环模型的挑战
The Dusty Heart of NGC 4151 Revealed by $λ\sim$1-40 $μ$m Reverberation Mapping and Variability: A Challenge to Current Clumpy Torus Models
论文作者
论文摘要
我们探究了NGC 4151中原型1型AGN的尘土灰尘环境，并在几十年中，在J（$ \sim1.22μ$ M），H（$ \sim1.63μ$ M），K（$ \sim1.63μ$ M），K（$ \sim2.2.19μ$ M），L（$ \ sim $ \ sim3.45μm）和n-Band（$ \sim1.63μ$ M）中，h（$ \sim1.63μ$ M）和$ \ sim3.45μ$ M）（$ \sim1.63μ$ m）（ 20--40 $μ$ m的测量值。 At 1--4$μ$m, the hot dust reverberation signals come from two distinct dust populations at separate radii ($\sim$0.033 pc and $\sim$0.076 pc), with temperatures of $\sim$1500--2500 K and $\sim$900--1000 K, consistent with the expected properties of sublimating graphite and silicate dust grains.碳和硅酸盐在其升华温度附近和半径附近的碳和硅酸盐晶粒的统治可能解释了AGN近IIR光谱能量分布的一般相似性。由最热的灰尘定义的圆环内边缘保持在$ 25年以上的AGN光光度的几乎相同的半径。光粉的热量直接被光学/UV AGN输出升温的排放逐渐增加了$ \ sim $ 4 \％/年，这表明可能增长的圆环。 $ \ sim $ 700 k的第三个灰尘成分似乎直接参与了红外混响行为，其排放可能源于周环的圆环。我们在$ \sim10μ$ m处找到一个回响信号，$ \ sim $ 2.2--3.1 pc的温暖灰尘被推断半径。 20--40美元$ $ m时缺乏可变性表明Far-Ir的排放来自更扩展的区域。通过灰尘混响分析揭示的圆环特性与纯块状圆环模型的预测不一致。取而代之的是，较长的波长发射可能起源于喇叭形或极风。
We probe the dusty environment of the archetypical type-1 AGN in NGC 4151 with comprehensive IR reverberation mapping over several decades, in J ($\sim1.22μ$m), H ($\sim1.63μ$m), K ($\sim2.19μ$m), L ($\sim3.45μ$m) and N-band ($\sim10.6μm$), plus multiple measurements at 20--40 $μ$m. At 1--4$μ$m, the hot dust reverberation signals come from two distinct dust populations at separate radii ($\sim$0.033 pc and $\sim$0.076 pc), with temperatures of $\sim$1500--2500 K and $\sim$900--1000 K, consistent with the expected properties of sublimating graphite and silicate dust grains. The domination of the torus infrared output by carbon and silicate grains near their sublimation temperatures and radii may account for the general similarity of AGN near-IR spectral energy distributions. The torus inner edge defined by the hottest dust remains at roughly the same radius independent of the AGN optical luminosity over $\sim$25 years. The emission by hot dust warmed directly by the optical/UV AGN output has increased gradually by $\sim$4\%/year, indicating a possibly growing torus. A third dust component at $\sim$700 K does not seem to participate directly in the IR reverberation behavior and its emission may originate deep in the circumnuclear torus. We find a reverberation signal at $\sim10μ$m with an inferred radius for the warm dust of $\sim$2.2--3.1 pc. The lack of variability at 20--40$μ$m indicates the far-IR emission comes from even more extended regions. The torus properties revealed by dust reverberation analysis are inconsistent with predictions from pure clumpy torus models. Instead, the longer wavelength emission possibly originates in a flared torus or the polar wind.
