论文标题
气泡扩展的有效图片
Effective picture of bubble expansion
论文作者
论文摘要
最近，已经计算出来自宇宙一阶相位过渡的膨胀气泡的热摩擦，已计算出气泡壁和热等离子体之间相互作用的所有订单，从而导致$γ^2 $ scaling，而不是先前估计的$γ^1 $ scal，用于与$ lorents $ lorents $ lorents $ lorents的热摩擦施加的热摩擦。我们首次提出了在存在任意$γ$尺度的摩擦摩擦的情况下，首次提出了有效的运动方程（EOM），以计算气泡碰撞的效率因子，如果$γ^2 $尺度摩擦的效率略大，则在启动范围内的频率更大的范围内，该摩擦的频率较大，而在启动范围内，则在启动时更大的范围，该频率较大，而在启动范围内遇到了频率的范围。由于二次依赖对气泡碰撞效率因子的二次依赖性引起的波浪背景，尽管$γ^2 $尺度摩擦本身已经抑制了与$γ^1 $尺度摩擦相比的泡沫碰撞的贡献。我们还建议在玻尔兹曼方程中的平衡项不平衡项的现象学参数化，可以重现最近发现的$（γ^2-1）$ - 在膨胀气泡壁的有效EOM中对摩擦项的缩放，这在膨胀的气泡壁的有效EOM中，在未来的数值模拟泡泡扩展和碰撞的情况下进一步研究。
Recently the thermal friction on an expanding bubble from the cosmic first-order phase transition has been calculated to all orders of the interactions between the bubble wall and thermal plasma, leading to a $γ^2$-scaling instead of the previously estimated $γ^1$-scaling for the thermal friction exerted on a fast-moving bubble wall with a Lorentz factor $γ$. We propose for the first time the effective equation of motion (EOM) for an expanding bubble wall in the presence of an arbitrary $γ$-scaling friction to compute the efficiency factor from bubble collisions, which, in the case of $γ^2$-scaling friction, is found to be larger than the recently updated estimation when the bubble walls collide after starting to approach a constant terminal velocity, leading to a slightly larger signal of the gravitational waves background from bubble collisions due to its quadratic dependence on the bubble collision efficiency factor, although the $γ^2$-scaling friction itself has already suppressed the contribution from bubble collisions compared to that with $γ^1$-scaling friction. We also suggest a phenomenological parameterization for the out-of-equilibrium term in the Boltzmann equation that could reproduce the recently found $(γ^2-1)$-scaling of the friction term in the effective EOM of an expanding bubble wall, which merits further study in future numerical simulations of bubble expansion and collisions.
