论文标题
繁荣的人口动态可以增加发展竞争社区的多样性
Boom-bust population dynamics can increase diversity in evolving competitive communities
论文作者
论文摘要
生物多样性起源和维持的基础的过程和机制在生态学和进化中长期以来至关重要。竞争性排除原则指出，共存物种的数量受资源数量或物种使用中的相似性的限制。海洋单细胞生命的极端多样性之类的自然系统提供了相反的例子。众所周知，结合种群波动的数学模型可能导致违反排除原则。在这里，我们使用简单的生态进化模型来表明，某种类型的人群动态，即繁荣性动态，可以比稳定的平衡动力学预期的多样性的发展。繁荣动态的特征是长期以指数级增长（BOOM）和随后由于竞争而导致的人口崩溃（BUST）。当将这种生态动力学纳入一个进化模型中，该模型允许在连续的表型空间中进行适应性多样化时，共存物种的动臂式循环的对抗也可以导致维持高水平的多样性。
The processes and mechanisms underlying the origin and maintenance of biological diversity have long been of central importance in ecology and evolution. The competitive exclusion principle states that the number of coexisting species is limited by the number of resources, or by the species' similarity in resource use. Natural systems such as the extreme diversity of unicellular life in the oceans provide counter examples. It is known that mathematical models incorporating population fluctuations can lead to violations of the exclusion principle. Here we use simple eco-evolutionary models to show that a certain type of population dynamics, boom-bust dynamics, can allow for the evolution of much larger amounts of diversity than would be expected with stable equilibrium dynamics. Boom-bust dynamics are characterized by long periods of almost exponential growth (boom) and a subsequent population crash due to competition (bust). When such ecological dynamics are incorporated into an evolutionary model that allows for adaptive diversification in continuous phenotype spaces, desynchronization of the boom-bust cycles of coexisting species can lead to the maintenance of high levels of diversity.
