在历史悠久的X射线和$γ$ - 2015年的$γ$ ray活动中，MRK 421的多波大处可变性和相关性研究2015 $ - $ 2016

论文标题

在历史悠久的X射线和$γ$ - 2015年的$γ$ ray活动中，MRK 421的多波大处可变性和相关性研究2015 $ - $ 2016

Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies of Mrk 421 during historically low X-ray and $γ$-ray activity in 2015$-$2016

论文作者

MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Asano, K., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Doro, M., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zarić, D., collaboration, FACT, :, Arbet-Engels, A., Baack, D., Balbo, M., Beck, M., Biederbeck, N., Biland, A., Bretz, T., Bruegge, K., Buss, J., Dorner, D., Elsaesser, D., Hildebrand, D., Iotov, R., Klinger, M., Mannheim, K., Neise, D., Neronov, A., Noethe, M., Paravac, A., Rhode, W., Schleicher, B., Sliusar, V., Theissen, F., Walter, R., Collaborators, MWL, :, Valverde, J., Horan, D., Giroletti, M., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Leto, C., Sadun, A. C., Moody, J. W., Joner, M., Marscher, A. P., Jorstad, S. G., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Ramakrishnan, V., Järvelä, E., Vera, R. J. C., Righini, S., Lien, A. Y.

论文摘要

我们使用Metsähovi，Swift，Fermi-Lat，Fermi-Lat，Magic，Fact，Fact，Fact和其他合作和其他乐器的数据，在2014年6月至2014年6月的MRK 421中没有活动的活动，该活动均未进行过活动，但在2016年6月的其他活动中，弗洛尔（MRK 421）的活动均未进行过舞会活动，我们报告了附近的多个频率变异性（z = 0.031）Blazar Markarian 421（MRK 421）的表征的表征（f $ _ {> 1 \ mathrm {tev}} <$ 1.7 $ \ times $ 10 $^{ - 12} $ ph cm $^{ - 2} $ s $ s $^{ - 1} $），在2-10 kev（x射线）中\ Mathrm {Kev}} <$ 3.6 $ \ times $ 10 $^{ - 11} $ erg cm $^{ - 2} $ s $^{ - 1} $）在此期间，Swift-BAT数据表明超出了常规同步器发射以外的其他频谱组件。最高的通量变异性发生在X射线和非常高的能量（E $> $> $ 0.1 TEV）$γ$ - 节目中，尽管活动较低，但它显示出显着的正相关，并且没有时间滞后。 HR $ _ \ MATHRM {KEV} $和HR $ _ \ MATHRM {TEV} $在许多Blazars中观察到了更难的潮流趋势时，但这种趋势以最高的磁通量变平，这表明在占主导地位的Blazar可变性过程中的变化。通过从2007年到2014年的数据扩大数据集，我们在大约60天的范围内测量了光学与GEV排放之间的正相关性，以零时间为中心，光学/GEV与无线电排放之间的正相关与无线电排放之间的正相关，范围内，大约60天的范围为$ 43^^{+9} _ 6} $ 6} $ 6} $ 6} $ 6} $ 6} $ { - 6} $ {-6} $ {-6}。位于射流的光学/GEV发射区域下游约0.2 parsec。在大多数探测的能带中，用对数正态函数更好地描述了通量分布，这表明MRK 421的可变性可能是由乘法过程产生的。

We report a characterization of the multi-band flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z=0.031) blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) using data from Metsähovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT and other collaborations and instruments from November 2014 till June 2016. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F$_{>1\mathrm{TeV}}<$ 1.7$\times$10$^{-12}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$) and in the 2-10 keV (X-ray) band (F$_{2-10 \mathrm{keV}}<$3.6$\times$10$^{-11}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$), during which the Swift-BAT data suggests an additional spectral component beyond the regular synchrotron emission. The highest flux variability occurs in X-rays and very-high-energy (E$>$0.1 TeV) $γ$-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HR$_\mathrm{keV}$ and HR$_\mathrm{TeV}$ show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our data set with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 days centered at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 days centered at a time lag of $43^{+9}_{-6}$ days.This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a LogNormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process.

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