论文标题
银河中心大规模黑洞的恒星潮汐破坏的宇宙分布
Cosmic distributions of stellar tidal disruptions by massive black holes at galactic centers
论文作者
论文摘要
当恒星进入MBHS附近时，可以在银河中心大量的黑洞（MBH）消耗（MBHS）。在这项研究中，我们研究了中央MBHS及其宇宙分布的恒星消耗速度，包括三轴星系形状在增强低角度摩托车恒星储层以及结合现实的星系分布方面的影响。我们发现，由于三轴星系形状引起的恒星消耗率的提高可能很重要，对于mbh质量$ m _ {\ rm bh} \ sim10^5 $ - $ 10^6 $ msun的MBH质量约为3倍，高达$ m _ {仅适用于$ m _ {\ rm bh} \ Lessim10^7 $ msun是具有更陡峭的内表面亮度剖面的星系中的恒星消耗率。 $ m _ {\ rm bh} \ gtrsim10^7 $ msun和$ m _ {\ rm bh} \ rm bh} \ sillsim10^7 $ msun，平均（每个星系）恒星消耗率与中央MBH群体相关，$ m _ {\ rm bh} \ gtrsim10^7 $ msun。体积恒星潮汐破坏率为〜$ 3 \ times10^{ - 5} $/yr/yr/mpc $^3 $ MBHS的质量范围为$ 10^5 $ - $ 10^8 $ msun z = 0;较高质量的MBHS的体积恒星消耗率为$ 10^{ - 6} $/yr/yr/mpc $^3 $，如果高质量BHS非常旋转的Kerr BHS或如果那些BHS是Schwarzssschelzsschild的人，则可以是恒星的潮汐破坏率。体积恒星消耗率随着红移的增加而降低，对于$ m _ {\ rm bh} \ sim10^5 $ - $ 10^7 $ msun而言，降低相对较小，对于更高的$ m _ {\ rm bh} $。 Z = 0时的大多数恒星潮汐破坏事件（TDE）发生在质量$ M _ {\ rm gal} \ Lessim10^{11} $ MSUN的星系中，大约1％-2％的TDE可以在具有$ M _ {\ rm Gal} \ g g gal} $ MS的高质量星系中发生。
Stars can be consumed (either tidally disrupted or swallowed whole) by massive black holes (MBHs) at galactic centers when they move into the vicinity of the MBHs. In this study, we investigate the rates of stellar consumption by central MBHs and their cosmic distributions, including the effects of triaxial galaxy shapes in enhancing the reservoir of low-angular-momentum stars and incorporating realistic galaxy distributions. We find that the enhancement in the stellar consumption rates due to triaxial galaxy shapes can be significant, by a factor of ~3 for MBH mass $M_{\rm BH}\sim10^5$-$10^6$Msun and up to more than one order of magnitude for $M_{\rm BH}\gtrsim10^8$Msun. Only for $M_{\rm BH}\lesssim10^7$Msun are the stellar consumption rates significantly higher in galaxies with steeper inner surface brightness profiles. The average (per galaxy) stellar consumption rates correlate with central MBH masses positively for $M_{\rm BH}\gtrsim10^7$Msun and negatively for $M_{\rm BH}\lesssim10^7$Msun. The volumetric stellar tidal disruption rates are ~$3\times10^{-5}$/yr/Mpc$^3$ for MBHs in the mass range of $10^5$-$10^8$Msun at z=0; and the volumetric stellar consumption rates by MBHs with higher masses are ~$10^{-6}$/yr/Mpc$^3$, which can be the stellar tidal disruption rate if the high-mass BHs are extremely spinning Kerr BHs or the rate of being swallowed if those BHs are Schwarzschild ones. The volumetric stellar consumption rates decrease with increasing redshift, and the decrease is relatively mild for $M_{\rm BH}\sim10^5$-$10^7$Msun and stronger for higher $M_{\rm BH}$. Most of the stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) at z=0 occur in galaxies with mass $M_{\rm gal}\lesssim10^{11}$Msun, and about 1%-2% of the TDEs can occur in high-mass galaxies with $M_{\rm gal}\gtrsim10^{11}$Msun.
