论文标题

开放量子系统的实时运动:纠缠,翻新组和轨迹的结构

Real-Time Motion of Open Quantum Systems: Structure of Entanglement, Renormalization Group, and Trajectories

论文作者

Polyakov, Evgeny A.

论文摘要

在这项工作中,我们提供了对开放量子系统实时运动期间纠缠的生命周期的完整描述。量子环境可以具有任意(例如结构化的)光谱密度。纠缠可以建设性地看作是一个乐高:它的砖块是环境的模式。这些砖通过操作员变换相互连接。主要结果是,环境的每个无限时间间隔都会耦合(纠缠)与开放系统耦合(纠缠),并且一种新的(传出)模式将不可逆地分离(与将来分开)。此外,每一刻,只有几种相关模式(在考虑的情况下为3-4)与未来的量子运动无可限制地耦合。这些相关模式随时间变化(流量或重新归一致)。结果,时间纠缠具有矩阵 - 产品操作员的结构。这使我们能够提出许多问题并在这项工作中回答它们:实时运动的内在量子复杂性是什么?这种复杂性是否随时间饱和,还是在没有边界的情况下成长;如何以合理的方式进行实时重新归一化小组;经典的布朗随机轨迹如何从量子进化中出现;如何构建非马克维亚环境的几种模式表示。我们为各种环境光谱密度提供了自旋 - 玻色子模型的说明性模拟:半圆,subohmic,ohmic和superohmic。

In this work we provide a complete description of the lifecycle of entanglement during the real-time motion of open quantum systems. The quantum environment can have arbitrary (e.g. structured) spectral density. The entanglement can be seen constructively as a Lego: its bricks are the modes of the environment. These bricks are connected to each other via operator transforms. The central result is that each infinitesimal time interval one new (incoming) mode of the environment gets coupled (entangled) to the open system, and one new (outgoing) mode gets irreversibly decoupled (disentangled from future). Moreover, each moment of time, only a few relevant modes (3 - 4 in the considered cases) are non-negligibly coupled to the future quantum motion. These relevant mode change (flow, or renormalize) with time. As a result, the temporal entanglement has the structure of a matrix-product operator. This allows us to pose a number of questions and to answer them in this work: what is the intrinsic quantum complexity of a real time motion; does this complexity saturate with time, or grows without bounds; how to do the real-time renormalization group in a justified way; how the classical Brownian stochastic trajectories emerge from the quantum evolution; how to construct the few-mode representations of non-Markovian environments. We provide illustrative simulations of the spin-boson model for various spectral densities of the environment: semicircle, subohmic, Ohmic, and superohmic.

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