论文标题
八卦悖论：为什么细菌共享基因？
The Gossip Paradox: why do bacteria share genes?
论文作者
论文摘要
与真核细胞相比，细菌包含两种类型的基因：固定在细胞上的染色体基因，而是流动基因的质粒，很容易共享给其他细胞。单个细菌和细菌谱系之间的质粒基因的共享已经极大地促进了细菌的进化，从而使专业性状可以在一个谱系或物种之间和下一个谱系之间“跳船”。从接受者和质粒的角度来看，这种慷慨的好处通常是可以理解的，但以牺牲供体细胞中染色体基因为代价，在供体细胞中，这些基因在竞争中与竞争中具有潜在有利的基因，同时却没有获得任何好处。使用连续模型和基于代理的模拟，我们证明了限制水平基因转移的“秘密”基因在广泛的模型和参数值范围内受到青睐。我们的发现导致了一个奇特的悖论：考虑到保留秘密的明显好处，为什么细菌会如此自由地共享信息？
Bacteria, in contrast to eukaryotic cells contain two types of genes: chromosomal genes that are fixed to the cell, and plasmids that are mobile genes, easily shared to other cells. The sharing of plasmid genes between individual bacteria and between bacterial lineages has contributed vastly to bacterial evolution, allowing specialized traits to `jump ship' between one lineage or species and the next. The benefits of this generosity from the point of view of both recipient and plasmid are generally understood, but come at the expense of chromosomal genes in the donor cell, which share potentially advantageous genes with their competition while receiving no benefit. Using both continuous models and agent based simulations, we demonstrate that `secretive' genes which restrict horizontal gene transfer are favored over wide range of models and parameter values. Our findings lead to a peculiar paradox: given the obvious benefits of keeping secrets, why do bacteria share information so freely?
