论文标题
通过分化通过全体形态嵌入来求解交流的最佳功率流
Learning to Solve AC Optimal Power Flow by Differentiating through Holomorphic Embeddings
论文作者
论文摘要
交替的当前最佳功率流(AC-OPF)是电力系统操作中的基本问题之一。传统上,AC-OPF是一个受约束的优化问题,在实现一组非线性平等约束(功率流程方程)的同时,寻求最佳生成设定点。随着可再生能源生成的渗透,网格操作员需要以较短的间隔解决更大的问题。这激发了使用神经网络学习OPF解决方案的研究兴趣,这些神经网络具有快速的推理时间,并且可能可扩展到大型网络。解决AC-OPF问题的主要困难在于处理具有虚假根源的这种平等约束,即,有一些能够满足功率流程方程的电压分配,但是在物理上无法实现。该属性会依赖于预测梯度脆性的任何方法,因为这些非物理根可以充当吸引子。在本文中,我们通过通过将功率流程方程嵌入全体形态功能的功率流求解器的操作来区分有效的策略,从而避免了这个问题。在200个总线系统上对产生的基于学习的方法进行了实验验证,我们表明,经过训练后,学识渊博的代理可靠地生成优化的功率流解决方案。具体而言,我们报告说,与传统求解器相比,速度增加了12倍,鲁棒性增加了40%。据我们所知,这种方法构成了第一个基于学习的方法,该方法成功地尊重了完整的非线性AC-OPF方程。
Alternating current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) is one of the fundamental problems in power systems operation. AC-OPF is traditionally cast as a constrained optimization problem that seeks optimal generation set points whilst fulfilling a set of non-linear equality constraints -- the power flow equations. With increasing penetration of renewable generation, grid operators need to solve larger problems at shorter intervals. This motivates the research interest in learning OPF solutions with neural networks, which have fast inference time and is potentially scalable to large networks. The main difficulty in solving the AC-OPF problem lies in dealing with this equality constraint that has spurious roots, i.e. there are assignments of voltages that fulfill the power flow equations that however are not physically realizable. This property renders any method relying on projected-gradients brittle because these non-physical roots can act as attractors. In this paper, we show efficient strategies that circumvent this problem by differentiating through the operations of a power flow solver that embeds the power flow equations into a holomorphic function. The resulting learning-based approach is validated experimentally on a 200-bus system and we show that, after training, the learned agent produces optimized power flow solutions reliably and fast. Specifically, we report a 12x increase in speed and a 40% increase in robustness compared to a traditional solver. To the best of our knowledge, this approach constitutes the first learning-based approach that successfully respects the full non-linear AC-OPF equations.