论文标题

没有诚实的玩家实现状态机器复制

Achieving State Machine Replication without Honest Players

论文作者

McMenamin, Conor, Daza, Vanesa, Pontecorvi, Matteo

论文摘要

在令牌状态机器复制协议中,现有的播放器表征标准取决于诚实的玩家,这些玩家将始终遵循该协议,无论代币增加可能会增加。鉴于这些令牌协议的市值不断增加,诚实变得越来越昂贵和不现实。因此,必须删除此较早的玩家表征,以确保对国家机器复制协议的普遍信任和新的采用规模的普遍信任,从而提供真正的安全性和能力。由于所有当前状态机器复制协议都是基于这些遗产标准的,因此必须确定并利用新的玩家模型来反映现在和未来的标记协议中玩家的真实本质。 为此,我们为状态机器复制协议提出了BYRA播放器模型。在Byra模型中,玩家要么试图最大程度地提高其令牌奖励,要么以对抗性行为。这将游戏理论和分布式系统的字段融合在一起,这是一个具有令牌化状态机器复制协议的交集,但几乎没有进行形式化。在BYRA模型中,我们确定了所有协议必须满足以实现状态机器复制必须满足的期望和公平性强度兼容性的属性。然后,我们提供TenderStake,该协议可证明满足这些属性,并通过这样做,可以在BYRA模型中实现状态机器的复制。

Existing standards for player characterisation in tokenised state machine replication protocols depend on honest players who will always follow the protocol, regardless of possible token increases for deviating. Given the ever-increasing market capitalisation of these tokenised protocols, honesty is becoming more expensive and more unrealistic. As such, this out-dated player characterisation must be removed to provide true guarantees of safety and liveness in a major stride towards universal trust in state machine replication protocols and a new scale of adoption. As all current state machine replication protocols are built on these legacy standards, it is imperative that a new player model is identified and utilised to reflect the true nature of players in tokenised protocols, now and into the future. To this effect, we propose the ByRa player model for state machine replication protocols. In the ByRa model, players either attempt to maximise their tokenised rewards, or behave adversarially. This merges the fields of game theory and distributed systems, an intersection in which tokenised state machine replication protocols exist, but on which little formalisation has been carried out. In the ByRa model, we identify the properties of strong incentive compatibility in expectation and fairness that all protocols must satisfy in order to achieve state machine replication. We then provide Tenderstake, a protocol which provably satisfies these properties, and by doing so, achieves state machine replication in the ByRa model.

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