论文标题
流体动力模型中的量子摩擦
Quantum friction in the Hydrodynamic Model
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了由可平行于金属板的恒定速度移动的系统组成的系统中量子摩擦的现象。使用电子的充电流体动力模型来描述金属。该模型具有远距离相互作用，适用于温度范围内的干净金属，在温度范围内，由于杂质在电子散射上占主导地位。我们发现，即使在金属中没有固有阻尼的情况下，原子和金属表面之间的量子摩擦力也存在，但是仅一旦原子的速度就超过了金属中的有效速度。我们认为，使用几乎空或几乎填充的金属，可以最容易地满足这种情况。我们对原子极化的第二和第四阶进行定量预测，并表明阈值行为持续到扰动理论的所有顺序。
We study the phenomenon of quantum friction in a system consisting of a polarizable atom moving at a constant speed parallel to a metallic plate. The metal is described using a charged hydrodynamic model for the electrons. This model featuring long-range interactions is appropriate for a clean metal in a temperature range where scattering due to Coulomb interactions dominates over the scattering of electron by impurities. We find that a quantum friction force between the atom and the metal surface exists even in the absence of intrinsic damping in the metal, but that it only starts once the velocity of the atom exceeds the effective speed of sound in the metal. We argue that this condition can be fulfilled most easily in metals with nearly empty or nearly filled bands. We make quantitative predictions for the friction force to the second and fourth order in the atomic polarizability, and show that the threshold behavior persists to all orders of the perturbation theory.
