论文标题
开放量子系统中的信息争夺和混乱
Information Scrambling and Chaos in Open Quantum Systems
论文作者
论文摘要
在过去的几年中，已经广泛使用了超级订购的相关器（OTOC），以研究多体系统中的信息争夺和量子混乱。在本文中，我们扩展了Styliaris等人的平均双分裂OTOC的形式主义[Phys。莱特牧师。 126，030601（2021）]到开放量子系统的情况下。动力学不再是统一的，而是由更通用的量子通道（痕量保留，完全正面的地图）描述。这种“开放的双分OTOC”可以以精确的分析方式进行处理，并显示出两个量子通道之间的距离。此外，我们的分析形式揭示了信息争夺和环境反向的熵贡献，因此后者可以使前者陷入困境。为了阐明这种微妙的相互作用，我们分析研究了量子通道的特殊类别，即驱动通道，纠缠纠缠的通道等。最后，作为物理应用，我们在数值上研究了耗散性多体旋转链，并展示了如何使用竞争性熵效应来区分可集成和混乱的状态。
Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) have been extensively used over the last few years to study information scrambling and quantum chaos in many-body systems. In this paper, we extend the formalism of the averaged bipartite OTOC of Styliaris et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 030601 (2021)] to the case of open quantum systems. The dynamics is no longer unitary but it is described by more general quantum channels (trace preserving, completely positive maps). This "open bipartite OTOC" can be treated in an exact analytical fashion and is shown to amount to a distance between two quantum channels. Moreover, our analytical form unveils competing entropic contributions from information scrambling and environmental decoherence such that the latter can obfuscate the former. To elucidate this subtle interplay we analytically study special classes of quantum channels, namely, dephasing channels, entanglement-breaking channels, and others. Finally, as a physical application we numerically study dissipative many-body spin-chains and show how the competing entropic effects can be used to differentiate between integrable and chaotic regimes.
