论文标题
非线性量规偶联量子流体的量规变换和伽利亚协方差
Gauge transformations and Galilean covariance in nonlinear gauge-coupled quantum fluids
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了受非线性量规势的量子流体的某些不变特性。特别是，我们在时空加强时提出了非线性电势的协方差转换定律，并考虑U（1）量规变换。我们发现，在外部仪表函数的情况下，流体动力学的典型场方程是形式上不变的，但对于非线性仪表函数而不是。因此，非线性量规电位是非平凡的潜力，可能不是“估计”。值得注意的是，对于一维超流体，试图这样做会产生汉密尔顿密度中流体的压力压力。此外，我们研究了在任意伽利亚转换下的场方程如何变换。我们发现，在适当选择的转换规则的设置下，立即缺乏伽利亚协方差将恢复，这与与外部标量和向量电势相关的Schrödinger粒子的形式相同。
We investigate certain invariance properties of quantum fluids subject to a nonlinear gauge potential. In particular, we derive the covariant transformation laws for the nonlinear potentials under a space-time Galilean boost and consider U(1) gauge transformations. We find that the hydrodynamic canonical field equations are form-invariant in the case of external gauge functions, but not for nonlinear gauge functionals. Hence, nonlinear gauge potentials are non-trivial potentials which may not be "gauged-away". Notably, for a 1D superfluid, attempting to do so generates the gauge-pressure of the fluid in the Hamiltonian density. Further, we investigate how the field equations transform under arbitrary Galilean transformations. We find that the immediate lack of Galilean covariance is restored under a suitably chosen transformation rule set for the potentials, which is identical in form to that of a Schrödinger particle coupled to external scalar and vector potentials.
