论文标题
灾难后使用基于能源生产指标的灾难后的韧性和不平等增长监测
Resilience and inequality growth monitoring after disaster using indicators based on energy production
论文作者
论文摘要
灾难后的弹性估计和确定不平等的增长通常很困难。在这项研究中，开发了特定的指标来分析弹性，并比较了弹性的轨迹。能源生产与描述社会和经济活动的变化有关。该指标适用于2017年的自然灾害的案例研究，即飓风艾尔玛（Irma）。飓风在圣马丁和圣巴瑟利米（Saint Martin）的加勒比海群岛和圣巴瑟利米（Saint Barthelemy）造成了死亡和破坏，这是两个法国海外领土。飓风Irma后的能源生产由于电力网络的破坏以及经济和社会活动的扰动而显示出显着下降。圣巴瑟尔米米的能源生产恢复速率高于圣马丁。灾难后的电恢复速率几乎是恒定的。但是，飓风艾尔玛（Irma）飓风后18个月的能源产量与飓风艾尔玛（Saint Barthelemy）之前的能源产量相同。圣马丁并非如此。在韧性期间，观察到圣巴特里米和圣马丁的能源生产之间的差距增加。这项研究表明，这一差距代表了圣巴特里米（国内生产总值（GDP）为40 000欧元/居民）与圣马丁（GDP的16 600欧元/居民）之间的不平等增长。该指标强调，自然灾害后的不平等增长有利于较弱的脆弱性和更有弹性的领土。在指示构建过程中必须考虑居民的数量，以避免任何偏见。
The estimation of resilience and the determination of inequality growth after a disaster is often difficult. In this study, specific indicators were developed to analyze resilience, and the trajectories of resilience were compared. Energy production is relevant for describing variations in social and economic activities. This indicator was applied to a case study of a natural disaster, that is Hurricane Irma in 2017. The hurricane caused fatalities and destruction in the Caribbean islands of Saint Martin and Saint Barthelemy, which are two French overseas territories. Energy production after Hurricane Irma exhibited a significant decrease due to the destruction of the electricity network as well as perturbations in economic and social activities. The energy production restoration rate was higher in Saint Barthelemy than in Saint Martin. The electricity restoration rate after a disaster was almost constant. However, the energy production 18 months after Hurricane Irma was identical to that before Hurricane Irma in Saint Barthelemy; this was not the case in Saint Martin. During resilience, an increase in the gap between energy production in Saint Barthelemy and Saint Martin was observed. This study indicated that this gap represents an inequality growth between Saint Barthelemy (gross domestic product (GDP) of 40 000 euros/inhabitant) and Saint Martin (GDP of 16 600 euros/inhabitant). The indicators emphasized that inequality growth after natural disasters favors less vulnerable and more resilient territories. The number of inhabitants must be considered during indicator construction to avoid any bias.
