论文标题

建筑陆地行星:为什么完美合并模拟的结果不是定量可靠的近似值,以对陆地行星形成的准确建模

Building Terrestrial Planets: Why results of perfect-merging simulations are not quantitatively reliable approximations to accurate modeling of terrestrial planet formation

论文作者

Haghighipour, Nader, Maindl, Thomas I.

论文摘要

尽管人们认为,完美合并并不是碰撞的现实结果,但一些研究人员指出,完美合并的模拟仍然可以被视为陆地行星形成最后阶段的定量可靠表示。他们引用了Kokubo&Genda [APJL,714L,21]的工作,他们认为,最终行星在模拟中的最终行星之间的差异和准确解决碰撞的方法很小,因此,将完美的结果作为与现实模拟的近似相关性是合理的。在本文中,我们表明这种论点不存在。我们证明,当考虑到碰撞期间损失的质量时,行星的最终质量与从完美混合获得的质量会大不相同,以至于后者不能用作有效的近似。我们进行了大量的SPH模拟,以实现胚胎 - 晶状体碰撞,并确定每种撞击中质量和水的量。我们将结果应用于典型的完美合并模拟中的碰撞,并表明,即使每次碰撞中的质量损失较小至10%,完美混合也可以平均高估最终行星的质量$ \ sim 35 \%$及其水容器及其水容器的质量降低了18%以上。我们的分析表明,尽管完美合并的模拟仍然是证明概念的强大工具,但它们不能用于做出预测,得出定量结论(尤其是关于行星系统的过去历史),并作为对碰撞碰撞得到准确解决的模拟的有效近似。

Although it is accepted that perfect-merging is not a realistic outcome of collisions, some researchers state that perfect-merging simulations can still be considered as quantitatively reliable representations of the final stage of terrestrial planet formation. Citing the work of Kokubo & Genda [ApJL, 714L, 21], they argue that the differences between the final planets in simulations with perfect-merging and those where collisions are resolved accurately are small, and it is, therefore, justified to use perfect-merging results as an acceptable approximation to realistic simulations. In this paper, we show that this argument does not stand. We demonstrate that when the mass lost during collisions is taken into account, the final masses of the planets will be so different from those obtained from perfect-merging that the latter cannot be used as a valid approximation. We carried out a large number of SPH simulations of embryo-embryo collisions and determined the amount of the mass and water lost in each impact. We applied the results to collisions in a typical perfect-merging simulation and showed that even when the mass-loss in each collision is as small as 10%, perfect-merging can, on average, overestimate the masses of the final planets by $\sim 35\%$ and their water-contents by more than 18%. Our analysis demonstrates that, while perfect-merging simulations are still a powerful tool in proving concepts, they cannot be used to make predictions, draw quantitative conclusions (especially about the past history of a planetary system) and serve as a valid approximation to, or in lieu of the simulations in which collisions are resolved accurately.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源