论文标题
在1915 - 1955年对最大量表的一般相对性测试：现代宇宙学的曙光
Testing General Relativity on the Largest Scales in the Years 1915-1955: the Dawning of Modern Cosmology
论文作者
论文摘要
在他提出了针对相对论的一般理论的三个经典观察测试之后不久，爱因斯坦意识到，对整个宇宙的一致描述为理论提供了另一个重要的挑战。在本文中，我们回想起一般相对论如何在宇宙学的新生领域中发现了重要的应用，从爱因斯坦和de Sitter的静态模型到Friedmann和Lemaitre的扩展宇宙学。到1930年代初，宇宙扩张的第一个暂定天文证据触发了范式转移到动态宇宙学的范式，几乎所有这些都牢牢地牢牢地牢牢地在一般相对性的框架内。但是，由于缺乏观察数据，几年来阻碍了进一步的进展。在1950年代，宇宙的稳态和大爆炸模型之间的辩论为寻求通过天文学观察确定宇宙相对论模型的关键参数提供了新的刺激，从而为当今的精确宇宙学奠定了基础。
Soon after he proposed three classic observational tests for the general theory of relativity, Einstein realised that a consistent description of the universe as a whole provided another important challenge for the theory. In this essay, we recall how general relativity found important application in the nascent field of cosmology, from the static models of Einstein and de Sitter to the expanding cosmologies of Friedmann and Lemaitre. By the early 1930s, the first tentative astronomical evidence of cosmic expansion had trigged a paradigm shift to dynamic cosmologies, almost all of which were couched firmly within the framework of general relativity. However, further progress was impeded for some years by a paucity of observational data. In the 1950s, the debate between steady-state and big bang models of the universe provided a new stimulus for the quest to determine key parameters of relativistic models of the cosmos by astronomical observation, setting the stage for today's precision cosmology.
