论文标题
最高红移的中心发动机
The central engine of the highest redshift blazar
论文作者
论文摘要
我们报告了PSO J030947.49+271757.31（以下称PSO J0309+27）的LUCI/大型双目望远镜近红外（NIR）光谱，这是已知的最高RedShift Blazar（Z $ \ sim $ 6.1）。从C $ \ rm IV $$λ$ 1549宽发射线我们发现，PSO J0309+27由1.45 $^{+1.89} _ { - 0.85} $ 10 $ 10 $^9 $^9 $^9 $ m $ _ {\ odot} $ _ {\ odot} $ spelmassive black hole（smbh）与bolomentim $ \ sim $ 8 $ \ times $ 10 $^{46} $ erg s $^{ - 1} $，而爱丁顿的比率等于0.44 $^{+0.78} _ { - 0.35} $。我们还通过J和K带中的望远镜Nazionale Galileo获得了新的光度观测，以更好地限制源的NIR光谱能量分布。由于这些观察结果，我们能够对积聚磁盘进行建模，并得出对PSO J0309+27的黑洞质量的独立估计，从而确认了从病毒技术推断的值。在大爆炸挑战最早的SMBH增长模型后，这种庞大的SMBH的存在仅为9亿美元，尤其是如果喷气式活跃的银河系核与当前认为的高度旋转的黑洞有关。实际上，在一个典型的快速旋转SMBH的辐射效率为0.3的情况下，在Z = 30的辐射效率为0.3（典型的辐射效率），一个超过10 $^6 $ m $ _ {\ odot} $的种子黑洞需要在redshift 6中播放PSO J0309+27的质量。只有释放的重力能量的一部分才能加热积聚磁盘并馈入黑洞。
We report on a LUCI/Large Binocular Telescope near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of PSO J030947.49+271757.31 (hereafter PSO J0309+27), the highest redshift blazar known to date (z$\sim$6.1). From the C$\rm IV$$λ$1549 broad emission line we found that PSO J0309+27 is powered by a 1.45$^{+1.89}_{-0.85}$$\times$10$^9$M$_{\odot}$ supermassive black hole (SMBH) with a bolometric luminosity of $\sim$8$\times$10$^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and an Eddington ratio equal to 0.44$^{+0.78}_{-0.35}$. We also obtained new photometric observations with the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo in J and K bands to better constrain the NIR Spectral Energy Distribution of the source. Thanks to these observations, we were able to model the accretion disk and to derive an independent estimate of the black hole mass of PSO J0309+27, confirming the value inferred from the virial technique. The existence of such a massive SMBH just $\sim$900 million years after the Big Bang challenges models of the earliest SMBH growth, especially if jetted Active Galactic Nuclei are associated to a highly spinning black hole as currently thought. Indeed, in a Eddington-limited accretion scenario and assuming a radiative efficiency of 0.3, typical of a fast rotating SMBH, a seed black hole of more than 10$^6$ M$_{\odot}$ at z = 30 is required to reproduce the mass of PSO J0309+27 at redshift 6. This requirement suggests either earlier periods of rapid black hole growth with super-Eddington accretion and/or that only part of the released gravitational energy goes to heat the accretion disk and feed the black hole.
