论文标题
使用高斯和娃娃味分子动力学的萨迪·卡诺（Sadi Carnot）周期的热力学熵
Thermodynamic Entropy from Sadi Carnot's Cycle using Gauss' and Doll's-Tensor Molecular Dynamics
论文作者
论文摘要
卡诺（Carnot）的四部分理想气体周期包括等温和绝热膨胀和压缩。分析此周期为统计热力学提供了基本基础。我们从教学观点探索了这里的循环，以促进对宏观热力学熵的理解，即与热能变化相关的状态功能。从替代显微镜角度来看，哈密顿$ {\ cal h}（q，p）$是能量和熵是（对数）相位空间体积$ω$与宏观状态相关的。我们将两种新型的汉密尔顿力学形式应用于Carnot的周期：[1]等温段的高斯同动力力学，以及[2]洋娃娃的张量。我们探讨了Carnot循环的显微镜和宏观观点的等效性，从理想的Knudsen气体开始，然后将分析扩展到典型的简单流体。
Carnot's four-part ideal-gas cycle includes both isothermal and adiabatic expansions and compressions. Analyzing this cycle provides the fundamental basis for statistical thermodynamics. We explore the cycle here from a pedagogical view in order to promote understanding of the macroscopic thermodynamic entropy, the state function associated with thermal energy changes. From the alternative microscopic viewpoint the Hamiltonian ${\cal H}(q,p)$ is the energy and entropy is the (logarithm of the) phase-space volume $Ω$ associated with a macroscopic state. We apply two novel forms of Hamiltonian mechanics to Carnot's Cycle: [1] Gauss' isokinetic mechanics for the isothermal segments and [2] Doll's Tensor for the isentropic adiabatic segments. We explore the equivalence of the microscopic and macroscopic views of Carnot's cycle for simple fluids here, beginning with the ideal Knudsen gas and extending the analysis to a prototypical simple fluid.
