论文标题
从H2O吸收的6.34的红移微波背景温度
Microwave Background Temperature at a Redshift of 6.34 from H2O Absorption
论文作者
论文摘要
Sunyaev-Zel'Dovich效应在高能电子中直接测量了微波炉的扭曲，这是由高能电子直接测量微波炉在0到1的额外温度下，在Redsects and Excitiation cormects cormections contracts and 1。类星体吸收线系统，但依赖于模型。迄今为止，已经看到了微波背景温度的预期（1+z）缩放行为的偏差，但是在RedShifts Z> 3.3处，测量值并未深入到以物质为主导的宇宙时代。在这里，我们报告了从水分子在Z = 6.34处的宇宙微波背景中从水分子中检测到的亚毫米线吸收，在一个巨大的Starburst Galaxy中，对应于12.8 Gyr的回顾时间。由于尘土飞扬的Galaxy HFLS3中的Starburst活性引起的地下态正孔h2O（110-101）线的辐射泵送导致在红移微波背景温度下方冷却至低于红移的微波背景温度。这种效果的强度意味着在z = 6.34时的微波背景温度为16.4-30.2 K（1- sigma范围），这与标准CDM宇宙学预期的红移相一致。
Distortions of the observed cosmic microwave background imprinted by the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect toward massive galaxy clusters due to inverse Compton scattering of microwave photons by high-energy electrons provide a direct measurement of the microwave background temperature at redshifts from 0 to 1. Some additional background temperature estimates exist at redshifts from 1.8 to 3.3 based on molecular and atomic line excitation temperatures in quasar absorption line systems, but are model dependent. To date, no deviations from the expected (1+z) scaling behavior of the microwave background temperature have been seen, but the measurements have not extended deeply into the matter-dominated era of the universe at redshifts z>3.3. Here we report the detection of sub-millimeter line absorption from the water molecule against the cosmic microwave background at z=6.34 in a massive starburst galaxy, corresponding to a lookback time of 12.8 Gyr. Radiative pumping of the upper level of the ground-state ortho-H2O(110-101) line due to starburst activity in the dusty galaxy HFLS3 results in a cooling to below the redshifted microwave background temperature, after the transition is initially excited by the microwave background. The strength of this effect implies a microwave background temperature of 16.4-30.2 K (1-sigma range) at z=6.34, which is consistent with a background temperature increase with redshift as expected from the standard CDM cosmology.
