论文标题

CMS磁场测量和监测系统

The CMS Magnetic Field Measuring and Monitoring Systems

论文作者

Klyukhin, Vyacheslav, Ball, Austin, Bergsma, Felix, Boterenbrood, Henk, Curé, Benoit, Dattola, Domenico, Gaddi, Andrea, Gerwig, Hubert, Hervé, Alain, Loveless, Richard, Teafoe, Gary, Wenman, Daniel, Zeuner, Wolfram, Zimmerman, Jerry

论文摘要

这篇评论文章介绍了紧凑型MUON螺线管(CMS)检测器的磁场测量和监测系统的性能。为了交叉检查使用CMS磁铁模型获得的磁通量分布,使用了四个用于测量检测器体积中磁通量密度的系统。测量了6 m直径超导电磁阀内部的磁感应,目前通过使用桶形强子量热仪外安装的四个核磁共振(NMR)探针进行监测。在跟踪系统的面上安装了另外两个NRM探针。根据HALL效应,使用10个三维(3D)B传感器的直径为3.448 m,长度为7 m的圆柱体积在2006年精确测量了超导电磁阀内部的场。这些B传感器安装在自动化现场映射机的两个螺旋桨臂上。除了这些测量系统外,还开发了用于监测CMS检测器操作过程中磁场的系统。在水平面的电磁阀内部,在跟踪检测器的面上安装了4个3D B传感器。将十二个3D B传感器安装在磁通式锁鼻磁盘的表面上。在CMS磁铁轭的气隙中安装了70个B传感器。一种特殊开发的通量回路技术用于CMS磁铁轭钢块内部磁通密度的最复杂的测量。磁通路安装在22个部分的循环轭块中。这些线圈所包围的区域在枪管轮的块中从0.3至1.59 m $^{2} $不等,在轭端磁盘块中从0.5到1.12 m $^{2} $。在本评论文章中,介绍并讨论了这些系统的开发以及CMS磁铁跨CMS磁铁的磁通量测量结果。

This review article describes the performance of the magnetic field measuring and monitoring systems for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. To cross-check the magnetic flux distribution obtained with the CMS magnet model, four systems for measuring the magnetic flux density in the detector volume were used. The magnetic induction inside the 6 m diameter superconducting solenoid was measured and is currently monitored by four nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes installed using special tubes outside the barrel hadron calorimeter. Two more NRM probes were installed at the faces of the tracking system. The field inside the superconducting solenoid was precisely measured in 2006 in a cylindrical volume of 3.448 m in diameter and 7 m in length using 10 three-dimensional (3D) B-sensors based on the Hall effect. These B-sensors were installed on each of the two propeller arms of an automated field-mapping machine. In addition to these measurement systems, a system for monitoring the magnetic field during the CMS detector operation has been developed. Inside the solenoid in the horizontal plane, 4 3D B-sensors were installed at the faces of the tracking detector. Twelve 3D B-sensors were installed on the surfaces of the flux-return yoke nose disks. Seventy 3D B-sensors were installed in the air gaps of the CMS magnet yoke. A specially developed flux loop technique was used for the most complex measurements of the magnetic flux density inside the steel blocks of the CMS magnet yoke. The flux loops are installed in 22 sections of the flux-return yoke blocks. The areas enclosed by these coils varied from 0.3 to 1.59 m$^{2}$ in the blocks of the barrel wheels and from 0.5 to 1.12 m$^{2}$ in the blocks of the yoke endcap disks. The development of these systems and the results of the magnetic flux density measurements across the CMS magnet are presented and discussed in this review article.

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