论文标题
通过FPGA实施的机器学习快速跟踪
Fast Muon Tracking with Machine Learning Implemented in FPGA
论文作者
论文摘要
在这项工作中,我们提出了一种与神经网络快速跟踪多线比例室的新方法。在HADRON Collider实验中开发并改编了跟踪网络,并适用于第一级触发器。我们将Geant4与自定义的MUON室生成的蒙特卡洛样品相似,该室类似于Atlas实验的一部分薄间隙室进行培训和绩效评估。腔室总共有七个气体间隙,其中第一个和最后的气体间隙位移约1.5 m。每个气体间隙的大小为18-20毫米。开发并介绍了两个神经网络模型:卷积神经网络和一项针对本研究的检测器配置优化的神经网络。在后一个网络中,为从腔室的2-3个气体间隙形成的三个组中的每组提供了一个卷积层,并按顺序将输出送入多层感知器中。两个网络都转化为硬件描述语言,并在Virtex Ultrascale+ FPGA中实现。角分辨率为2 mrad,与通过最小CHI2方法估计的检测器的最大分辨率相当。实施的固件达到的延迟小于100 ns,吞吐率为160 MHz。
In this work, we present a new approach for fast tracking on multiwire proportional chambers with neural networks. The tracking networks are developed and adapted for the first-level trigger at hadron collider experiments. We use Monte Carlo samples generated by Geant4 with a custom muon chamber, which resembles part of the thin gap chambers from the ATLAS experiment, for training and performance evaluations. The chamber has a total of seven gas gaps, where the first and last gas gaps are displaced by ~1.5 m. Each gas gap has 50 channels with a size of 18-20 mm. Two neural network models are developed and presented: a convolutional neural network and a neural network optimized for the detector configuration of this study. In the latter network, a convolution layer is provided for each of three groups formed from 2-3 gas gaps of the chamber, and the outputs are fed into multilayer perceptrons in sequence. Both networks are transformed into hardware description language and implemented in Virtex UltraScale+ FPGA. The angular resolution is 2 mrad, which is comparable to the maximum resolution of the detector estimated by the minimum chi2 method. The latency achieved by the implemented firmware is less than 100 ns, and the throughput rate is 160 MHz.