论文标题
上班和符合性别的社会规范：来自同性夫妇的证据
Commuting to work and gender-conforming social norms: evidence from same-sex couples
论文作者
论文摘要
我们使用2008 - 2019年美国社区调查来分析工作时间通过合作或已婚个人的性取向分析。同性夫妇的女性上班时间比在不同性别伴侣中的职业女性更长，而在同性伴侣中的男性上班的通勤比在不同性别夫妇中的工人中的一位工人短，也是在控制人群的人群特征，伴侣特征，位置，生育能力和婚姻状况之后。在有孩子的已婚夫妇中，这些差异尤为明显：在同性夫妇中，已婚母亲的单程工作要多3分钟，而在同性夫妇中，已婚父亲的差不多2分钟，而不是他们在不同性别夫妇中的相应职业父母。在文献中估计的性别通勤差距的男性和女性之间的差距分别为50％和100％。在同性伴侣中，通勤时间中的偶像差距也明显较小。我们将这些差异解释为证据表明，这是由于父母身份增强性别的社会规范，导致不同性别夫妇中的妇女以较短的通勤时间专业地从事工作，而他们的男性伴侣或配偶则以更长的通勤工作。
We analyze work commute time by sexual orientation of partnered or married individuals, using the American Community Survey 2008-2019. Women in same-sex couples have a longer commute to work than working women in different-sex couples, whereas the commute to work of men in same-sex couples is shorter than the one of working men in different-sex couples, also after controlling for demographic characteristics, partner characteristics, location, fertility, and marital status. These differences are particularly stark among married couples with children: on average, about 3 minutes more one-way to work for married mothers in same-sex couples, and almost 2 minutes less for married fathers in same-sex couples, than their corresponding working parents in different-sex couples. These gaps among men and women amount to 50 percent, and 100 percent, respectively, of the gender commuting gap estimated in the literature. Within-couple gaps in commuting time are also significantly smaller in same-sex couples. We interpret these differences as evidence that it is gender-conforming social norms boosted by parenthood that lead women in different-sex couples to specialize into jobs with a shorter commute while their male partners or spouses hold jobs with a longer commute.
