论文标题
tdcosmo。 ix。镜头建模软件程序之间的系统比较:WGD 2038-4008的时间延迟预测
TDCOSMO. IX. Systematic comparison between lens modelling software programs: time delay prediction for WGD 2038-4008
论文作者
论文摘要
最近的哈勃张力强调了替代方法测量哈勃常数的重要性,例如时间延迟宇宙。在我们接受新物理学作为这种张力的根源之前,彻底研究并排除所有测量方法中的系统偏见至关重要。在这项研究中,我们通过比较了两个不同的软件程序:GLEE和LENSTRONEMY的两个团队对系统WGD 2038-4008的独立和盲目的时间预测,对时间延迟宇宙学的镜头建模程序进行系统偏差检查。两个团队的预测时间延迟结合了偏转器的出色运动学和视线结构的外部收敛。这两个团队的无盲时间延迟预测同意$1.2σ$,这意味着一旦测量时间延迟,推断的哈勃恒定常数也将是相互一致的。但是,幂律模型斜率和外部剪切之间存在$ \ sim $ 4 $σ$的差异,在恒星运动学和外部收敛之前,这是镜头模型级别上的显着差异。我们将重建点扩散函数(PSF)的差异确定为此差异的来源。当两个团队都使用相同的重建PSF时,我们达成了$ \ sim $ 0.6 $σ$的出色协议,这表明源头重建算法和研究者选择所源自的潜在系统已经很好地控制了。我们建议未来的研究根据需要取代PSF,并在多种算法或实现PSF重建方面进行边缘化,以减轻与PSF相关的系统。一项未来的研究将衡量系统WGD 2038-4008的时间延迟,并根据我们的质量模型推断哈勃常数。
The importance of alternative methods for measuring the Hubble constant, such as time-delay cosmography, is highlighted by the recent Hubble tension. It is paramount to thoroughly investigate and rule out systematic biases in all measurement methods before we can accept new physics as the source of this tension. In this study, we perform a check for systematic biases in the lens modelling procedure of time-delay cosmography by comparing independent and blind time-delay predictions of the system WGD 2038-4008 from two teams using two different software programs: GLEE and LENSTRONOMY. The predicted time delays from the two teams incorporate the stellar kinematics of the deflector and the external convergence from line-of-sight structures. The un-blinded time-delay predictions from the two teams agree within $1.2σ$, implying that once the time delay is measured the inferred Hubble constant will also be mutually consistent. However, there is a $\sim$4$σ$ discrepancy between the power-law model slope and external shear, which is a significant discrepancy at the level of lens models before the stellar kinematics and the external convergence are incorporated. We identify the difference in the reconstructed point spread function (PSF) to be the source of this discrepancy. When the same reconstructed PSF was used by both teams, we achieved excellent agreement, within $\sim$0.6$σ$, indicating that potential systematics stemming from source reconstruction algorithms and investigator choices are well under control. We recommend that future studies supersample the PSF as needed and marginalize over multiple algorithms or realizations for the PSF reconstruction to mitigate the systematics associated with the PSF. A future study will measure the time delays of the system WGD 2038-4008 and infer the Hubble constant based on our mass models.