论文标题

使用GAIA EDR3在Fornax矮人球体中发现的扩展恒星光环

An extended stellar halo discovered in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal using Gaia EDR3

论文作者

Yang, Yanbin, Hammer, Francois, Jiao, Yongjun, Pawlowski, Marcel

论文摘要

我们使用了Gaia EDR3的空间扩展和均匀的数据集研究了FORNAX矮人球形星系中红色巨型分支恒星种群的程度。我们对属于Fornax的恒星的预选是基于它们的适当运动,视差和颜色标记图。后一个标准提供了一种fornax星样品,我们通过颜色和幅度进一步限制了由于银河系恒星或QSO的污染。数据的精度足以达到极小的污染(0.02%至0.3%),使我们能够达到比Fornax的中央表面亮度深度深度12。我们发现了密度曲线的断裂,该密度揭示了一个额外的成分,该组件的存在,该组件在半径上扩展了2.1度,即5.4 kpc,几乎是Fornax半径半径的七倍。扩展的新组件代表了恒星质量的10%,其行为就像延长的光环。在这种前所未有的深度(相当于$ 37.94 \ pm0.16 $ mag $ {\ rm arcsec}^{ - 2} $中,缺乏潮汐延长的功能(相当于$ 37.94 \ pm0.16 $ agmag $ {\ rm rm arcsec}^{ - 2} $)规则可能会使潮汐剥离的可能作用。相反,我们建议FORNAX最初可能是刚刚进入的,并且最近失去了气体,因此缺乏重力,这意味着残留的恒星在球面上扩展以形成新发现的Fornax的恒星Halo。

We have studied the extent of the Red Giant Branch stellar population in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy using the spatially extended and homogeneous data set from Gaia EDR3. Our preselection of stars belonging to Fornax is based on their proper motions, parallaxes and color-magnitude diagram. The latter criteria provide a Fornax star sample, which we further restrict by color and magnitude to eliminate contaminations due to either Milky Way stars or QSOs. The precision of the data has been sufficient to reach extremely small contaminations (0.02 to 0.3%), allowing us to reach to a background level 12 magnitudes deeper than the central surface brightness of Fornax. We discover a break in the density profile, which reveals the presence of an additional component that extents 2.1 degree in radius, i.e. 5.4 kpc, and almost seven times the half-light radius of Fornax. The extended new component represents 10% of the stellar mass of Fornax, and behaves like an extended halo. The absence of tidally elongated features at such an unprecedented depth (equivalent to $37.94\pm0.16$ mag ${\rm arcsec}^{-2}$ in V-band) rules out a possible role of tidal stripping. We suggest instead that Fornax is likely at first infall, and has lost its gas very recently, which consequently leads to a lack of gravity implying that residual stars have spherically expanded to form the newly discovered stellar halo of Fornax.

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