论文标题
多臂组装系统的合作任务和运动计划
Cooperative Task and Motion Planning for Multi-Arm Assembly Systems
论文作者
论文摘要
由于它们能够自动,灵活和快速构建所需的结构设计,因此多机器人装配系统在制造方面变得越来越吸引人。但是,由于(1)机器人必须在操作结构时运行的近距离,并且(2)在每个零件上可以安装何时可以安装这些系统,因此以确保每个机器人同时效率而不是空闲的方式有效地计划这些系统的构成挑战。在本文中,我们介绍了一个任务和运动计划框架,该框架共同计划安全,低木马计划,以组装一组机器人来组装复杂的空间结构。我们的框架采用了一种层次方法,在高级别上,使用混合智能线性程序来计算一个抽象计划,该计划由机器人分配给受优先限制的任务的分配,并且在低级别上,以最先进的算法为基础,建立在多个试验的途径上,以发现碰撞机器人的无用机器人运动,以实现碰撞机器人的计划,以实现此抽象计划。对我们的方法至关重要的是在高级计划中包括某些碰撞限制和运动持续时间,这更好地为搜索抽象计划的搜索提供了可能是可行的,既可能是可行的,又可以使搜索搜索可行。我们在几个具有挑战性的装配域上展示了我们的计划系统,其中有几个(有时是异质)机器人,带有抓地力或吸力板,用于组装结构,最多23个涉及乐高积木,酒吧,板,板或不规则形状的物体。
Multi-robot assembly systems are becoming increasingly appealing in manufacturing due to their ability to automatically, flexibly, and quickly construct desired structural designs. However, effectively planning for these systems in a manner that ensures each robot is simultaneously productive, and not idle, is challenging due to (1) the close proximity that the robots must operate in to manipulate the structure and (2) the inherent structural partial orderings on when each part can be installed. In this paper, we present a task and motion planning framework that jointly plans safe, low-makespan plans for a team of robots to assemble complex spatial structures. Our framework takes a hierarchical approach that, at the high level, uses Mixed-integer Linear Programs to compute an abstract plan comprised of an allocation of robots to tasks subject to precedence constraints and, at the low level, builds on a state-of-the-art algorithm for Multi-Agent Path Finding to plan collision-free robot motions that realize this abstract plan. Critical to our approach is the inclusion of certain collision constraints and movement durations during high-level planning, which better informs the search for abstract plans that are likely to be both feasible and low-makespan while keeping the search tractable. We demonstrate our planning system on several challenging assembly domains with several (sometimes heterogeneous) robots with grippers or suction plates for assembling structures with up to 23 objects involving Lego bricks, bars, plates, or irregularly shaped blocks.