论文标题

低光度II型超新星-IV。 SN 2020CXD和SN 2021AAI,在亚光超新星类的边缘

Low luminosity Type II supernovae -- IV. SN 2020cxd and SN 2021aai, at the edges of the sub-luminous supernovae class

论文作者

Valerin, G., Pumo, M. L., Pastorello, A., Reguitti, A., Elias-Rosa, N., Gútierrez, C. P., Kankare, E., Fraser, M., Mazzali, P. A., Howell, D. A., Kotak, R., Galbany, L., Williams, S. C., Cai, Y. -Z., Salmaso, I., Pinter, V., Müller-Bravo, T. E., Burke, J., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Hiramatsu, D., McCully, C., Newsome, M., Pellegrino, C.

论文摘要

提出了两种低光度IIP超新星(LL SNE IIP)的光度和光谱数据。 SN 2020CXD达到峰值绝对幅度$ m_ {r} $ = -13.90 $ \ pm $ 0.05 MAG爆炸后两天,随后以$ \ sim $ 120天定居在高原上。通过晚期光曲线尾巴的光度,我们推断出合成的$^{56} $ ni质量为(1.8 $ \ pm $ 0.5)$ \ times $ 10 $^{ - 3} $ m $ _ {\ odot} $。在早期进化阶段,光谱显示出蓝色连续体($ $> $ 8000 K),其宽阔的Balmer线显示了P Cygni曲线,而在后来的CA II,FE II,SC II,SC II和BA II线上占据了光谱。可观察物的流体动力模型产生$ r $ $ \ simeq $ 575 $ r _ {\ odot} $,用于祖细胞之星,带有$ m_ {ej} $ = 7.5 m $ $ $ $ _ {\ odot} $和$ e $ $ $ $ $ $ \ simeq $ 0.097 foe exosion exposion exosion exosion exosion exosion exosion。这一源自低质量祖细胞恒星的低能事件与红色超级巨星(RSG)恒星的爆炸以及由超渐近巨型分支星星产生的电子捕获超新星兼容。 SN 2021AAI达到$ M_ {r} $ = -16.4 mag的最大发光度(校正$ a_ {v} $ = 1.9 mag),并显示出非常长的高原($ \ sim $ 140天)。估计的$^{56} $ ni质量是(1.4 $ \ pm $ 0.5)$ \ times $ 10 $^{ - 2} $ m $ _ {\ odot} $。扩展速度与其他LL SNE IIP的速度兼容(几个10 $^{3} $ km s $^{ - 1} $)。通过流体动力建模获得的物理参数为$ r $ $ $ \ simeq $ 575 r $ _ {\ odot} $,$ m_ {ej} $ = 15.5 m $ _ {\ odot} $和$ e $ = 0.4 foe。因此,SN 2021AAI被解释为RSG的爆炸,其属性可以桥接LL SNE IIP类,并带有标准的SN IIP事件。

Photometric and spectroscopic data for two Low Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae (LL SNe IIP) are presented. SN 2020cxd reaches a peak absolute magnitude $M_{r}$ = -13.90 $\pm$ 0.05 mag two days after explosion, subsequently settling on a plateau for $\sim$120 days. Through the luminosity of the late light curve tail, we infer a synthesized $^{56}$Ni mass of (1.8$\pm$0.5) $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$. During the early evolutionary phases, optical spectra show a blue continuum ($T$ $>$ 8000 K) with broad Balmer lines displaying a P Cygni profile, while at later phases Ca II, Fe II, Sc II and Ba II lines dominate the spectra. Hydrodynamical modelling of the observables yields $R$ $\simeq$ 575 $R_{\odot}$ for the progenitor star, with $M_{ej}$ = 7.5 M$_{\odot}$ and $E$ $\simeq$ 0.097 foe emitted during the explosion. This low-energy event originating from a low-mass progenitor star is compatible with both the explosion of a red supergiant (RSG) star and with an Electron Capture Supernova arising from a super asymptotic giant branch star. SN 2021aai reaches a maximum luminosity of $M_{r}$ = -16.4 mag (correcting for $A_{V}$=1.9 mag), and displays a remarkably long plateau ($\sim$140 days). The estimated $^{56}$Ni mass is (1.4$\pm$0.5) $\times$ 10$^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$. The expansion velocities are compatible with those of other LL SNe IIP (few 10$^{3}$ km s$^{-1}$). The physical parameters obtained through hydrodynamical modelling are $R$ $\simeq$ 575 R$_{\odot}$, $M_{ej}$ = 15.5 M$_{\odot}$ and $E$ = 0.4 foe. SN 2021aai is therefore interpreted as the explosion of a RSG, with properties that bridge the class of LL SNe IIP with standard SN IIP events.

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