论文标题
公平的长弧：形式化和道德话语
The Long Arc of Fairness: Formalisations and Ethical Discourse
论文作者
论文摘要
近年来，算法决策（ADM）正式化和建模公平性的想法已提高到精致的专业化。但是，技术（正式）与公平性的道德话语之间的关系并不总是清晰且富有成效的。主张另一种观点，我们回顾了现有的公平指标，并讨论了一些常见问题。例如，程序和分布的公平性通常在静态上进行正式和讨论，无视现状的结构前提和给定干预的下游效应。然后，我们引入了动态公平建模，这是一种更全面的方法，它通过伦理话语的论点来调整正式的公平指标。动态公平模型包含了（1）道德目标，（2）量化决策程序和结果的正式指标以及（3）中期或长期下游效应。通过将这些与公平相关过程的要素进行上下文，动态公平建模可以解释以前的潜在道德方面，从而为在不同的公平干预之间进行折衷提供了有用的工具。为了说明框架，我们讨论了一个示例申请 - 当前欧洲为增加公司董事会妇女人数的努力，例如通过配额解决方案 - 并介绍适合我们框架的早期技术工作。
In recent years, the idea of formalising and modelling fairness for algorithmic decision making (ADM) has advanced to a point of sophisticated specialisation. However, the relations between technical (formalised) and ethical discourse on fairness are not always clear and productive. Arguing for an alternative perspective, we review existing fairness metrics and discuss some common issues. For instance, the fairness of procedures and distributions is often formalised and discussed statically, disregarding both structural preconditions of the status quo and downstream effects of a given intervention. We then introduce dynamic fairness modelling, a more comprehensive approach that realigns formal fairness metrics with arguments from the ethical discourse. A dynamic fairness model incorporates (1) ethical goals, (2) formal metrics to quantify decision procedures and outcomes and (3) mid-term or long-term downstream effects. By contextualising these elements of fairness-related processes, dynamic fairness modelling explicates formerly latent ethical aspects and thereby provides a helpful tool to navigate trade-offs between different fairness interventions. To illustrate the framework, we discuss an example application -- the current European efforts to increase the number of women on company boards, e.g. via quota solutions -- and present early technical work that fits within our framework.
