论文标题
困扰状态的集体激发：超快缺陷传播和有限尺寸缩放
Collective excitations in jammed states: ultrafast defect propagation and finite-size scaling
论文作者
论文摘要
在拥挤的系统中，粒子电流可以通过传播作为罕见事件的集体激励来介导，并且具有有限的寿命。这种激发的理论描述受到识别复杂的多粒子过渡状态，其自由能的计算以及传播机制和速度的评估的问题。在这里，我们表明可以解决这些问题，以解决高度堵塞的硬球系统，具有周期性的潜力。我们得出了集体激发的产生速率，它们异常高的速度解释了明显的干扰过渡的发生及其对系统大小的强烈依赖。粒子电流遵循缩放行为，其中对于小型系统，电流与发电率和速度的几何平均值给出的大型系统成正比。我们的理论方法广泛适用于密闭几何形状中的密集非平衡系统。它为研究实验中的集体激发动态提供了新的观点。
In crowded systems, particle currents can be mediated by propagating collective excitations which are generated as rare events, are localized and have a finite lifetime. The theoretical description of such excitations is hampered by the problem of identifying complex many-particle transition states, calculation of their free energies, and the evaluation of propagation mechanisms and velocities. Here we show that these problems can be tackled for a highly jammed system of hard spheres in a periodic potential. We derive generation rates of collective excitations, their anomalously high velocities, explain the occurrence of an apparent jamming transition and its strong dependence on the system size. The particle currents follow a scaling behavior, where for small systems the current is proportional to the generation rate and for large systems given by the geometric mean of the generation rate and velocity. Our theoretical approach is widely applicable to dense nonequilibrium systems in confined geometries. It provides new perspectives for studying dynamics of collective excitations in experiments.
