论文标题

变形:实用,通用的深度横向形成系统

DEFORM: A Practical, Universal Deep Beamforming System

论文作者

Nguyen, Hai N., Noubir, Guevara

论文摘要

我们介绍,设计和评估一组通用接收器波束成型技术。我们的方法和系统变形,基于深度学习(DL)的RX波束成形可为多天线RF接收器带来显着增益,同时对传输信号特征(例如调制或带宽)不可知。众所周知,将来自多个天线的相干RF信号组合起来会导致与接收元件数量成正比的波束增益。但是,实际上,这种方法在很大程度上依赖于明确的通道估计技术,这些估计技术是特定于链接的,需要大量的通信开销才能将其传输到接收器。变形通过利用卷积神经网络来估算频道特征,特别是与天线元件的相对阶段来应对这一挑战。它是专门设计的,目的是解决无线信号复合样本的独特功能,例如模棱两可的$2π$相位不连续性和链接位错误率的高灵敏度。随后以最大比率组合算法来实现接收信号的最佳组合。在接受固定的基本RF设置进行训练时,我们表明DL模型是通用的,在广泛的实验中,为两个天线接收器获得了多达3 dB的SNR增益,证明了调制,带宽和通道的各种设置。通过LORA(CHIRP扩散频谱调制)和Zigbee信号的联合波束形成的继电器证明了变形的普遍性,从而相对于传统放大和向前的分支丢失/输送速率实现了显着改善(Lora PLR降低了23倍,而Zigbee PDR降低了8倍)。

We introduce, design, and evaluate a set of universal receiver beamforming techniques. Our approach and system DEFORM, a Deep Learning (DL) based RX beamforming achieves significant gain for multi antenna RF receivers while being agnostic to the transmitted signal features (e.g., modulation or bandwidth). It is well known that combining coherent RF signals from multiple antennas results in a beamforming gain proportional to the number of receiving elements. However in practice, this approach heavily relies on explicit channel estimation techniques, which are link specific and require significant communication overhead to be transmitted to the receiver. DEFORM addresses this challenge by leveraging Convolutional Neural Network to estimate the channel characteristics in particular the relative phase to antenna elements. It is specifically designed to address the unique features of wireless signals complex samples, such as the ambiguous $2π$ phase discontinuity and the high sensitivity of the link Bit Error Rate. The channel prediction is subsequently used in the Maximum Ratio Combining algorithm to achieve an optimal combination of the received signals. While being trained on a fixed, basic RF settings, we show that DEFORM DL model is universal, achieving up to 3 dB of SNR gain for a two antenna receiver in extensive experiments demonstrating various settings of modulations, bandwidths, and channels. The universality of DEFORM is demonstrated through joint beamforming relaying of LoRa (Chirp Spread Spectrum modulation) and ZigBee signals, achieving significant improvements to Packet Loss/Delivery Rates relatively to conventional Amplify and Forward (LoRa PLR reduced by 23 times and ZigBee PDR increased by 8 times).

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